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Zoology > Class Reptillia > Flashcards

Class Reptillia Flashcards

1
Q

adaptations reptiles have for life on land (6)

A

amniotic egg; dry, thick skin made of scales; lungs for their entire lives, aspiration; excrete urea/uric acid instead of ammonia; 3-4 chambered heart, closed double loop circulation; larger cerebrum and cerebellum; internal fertilization

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2
Q

why is the amniotic egg such an important adaptation for reptiles?

A

enables reptiles to live successfully on land, freed them from dependence on water for reproduction

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3
Q

shell

A

provides water tight covering to prevent embryo from drying out; porus to O2+ CO2

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4
Q

albumen

A

watery environment to cushion embryo; source of protein

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5
Q

air space

A

cushions and is a shock absorber

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6
Q

yolk

A

food supply for developing embryo

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7
Q

yolk sac

A

membrane enclosing yolk

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8
Q

chorion

A

O2/CO2 exchange; maintains stale internal conditions

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9
Q

allantois

A

stores wastes and some exchange of Os/CO2

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10
Q

amnion/amniotic fluid

A

encloses embryo; watery layer for cushion and protection

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11
Q

embryo

A

developing reptile

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12
Q

oviparous meaning

A

embryos develop after eggs are laid

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13
Q

exceptions of oviparous reptiles

A

watersnakes, rattle snakes, garter snakes

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14
Q

what type of reproduction process do the exceptions of oviparous reptiles use

A

ovoviviparous

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15
Q

reptile vs amphibian respiration

A

reptiles: lungs entire life amphibians; gills to lungs, skin, lining of mouth

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16
Q

reptile vs amphibian eggs

A

reptiles: shell, lay on land; amphibians: no shell, lay in water

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17
Q

reptiles vs amphibian limbs

A

reptiles: toes with claws on all 4 limbs, positioned under body
amphibians: front 2 with toes, back 2 webbed, positioned out to the side

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18
Q

reptile vs amphibian heart

A

reptiles: 3-4 chambers, 2 atria, partially divided ventricle
amphibians: 3 chambers, 2 atria, 1 ventricle

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19
Q

reptiles vs amphibian fertilization

A

reptiles: internal amphibians: external

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20
Q

how many species of reptiles?

A

8100 species of reptiles

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21
Q

4 orders of reptiles

A

Sphenodontia, Testudines, Squamata, Crocodylia

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22
Q

Order Sphenodontia

A

tuataras, 2 species

23
Q

Order Testudines

A

turtles and tortoises, 300 species

24
Q

Order Squamata

A

Serpentes and Sauria

25
Q

Suborder Serpentes

A

snakes, 3000 species

26
Q

Suborder Sauria

A

lizards, 4675 species

27
Q

Order Crocodylia

A

crocodiles, alligators, caimans

28
Q

characteristics of tuatara (4)

A

in New Zealand; oldest living reptile, nearly extinct; feeds on instincts; has parietal eye

29
Q

turtles vs tortoises

A

turtles: live in/near H2O, flat streamlined shell, paddle like legs, omnivores
tortoises: live on dry land, high domed shell, short stumpy legs, herbivores

30
Q

plastron

A

ventral shell, helps form girdles

31
Q

carapace

A

dorsal shell, made of bone

32
Q

scutes

A

plates covering testudine shells

33
Q

steps of reptile circulation (6)

A
  1. O2 poor blood from body enters right atrium
  2. O2 poor blood flows down into right half of ventricle
  3. ventricle contracts and pushes O2 poor blood to lungs to get O2
  4. O2 rich blood from lungs enters left atrium
  5. O2 rich blood flows down into left half of ventricle
  6. ventricle contracts and pushes O2 rich blood out to body
34
Q

is the crocodile heart more or less efficient from other reptiles?

A

more efficient

35
Q

why is the crocodile heart more efficient?

A

it has 4 chambers instead of 3 1/2, 2 atria, 2 ventricles

36
Q

2 functions of a crocodile’s tail

A

swim quickly, weapon on land

37
Q

alligator vs crocodile snout

A

alligator: round, broad
crocodile: narrow, tapered

38
Q

are their more venomous or non venomous snakes

A

non venomous

39
Q

kinetic skull

A

flexible joints in skull, moves glottis between separation of mandible while swallowing large prey

40
Q

what does the kinetic skull allows for

A

expansive movement for squamata to eat large prey

41
Q

glottis

A

opening of windpipes

42
Q

how do nonvenomous snakes capture/eat their prey

A

some hold their prey against the ground and swallow alive whole; constrictors squeeze and suffocate prey

43
Q

non venomous snakes examples

A

black racer, indigo snake

44
Q

non venomous constrictor snakes examples

A

boa constrictor, python, anaconda, king snake, rat snake

45
Q

how do venomous snakes kill their prey

A

injecting with venom through fangs

46
Q

2 snake venom toxins

A

hemotoxin and neurotoxin

47
Q

what does hemotoxins effect

A

blood

48
Q

what does neurotoxins effect

A

interferes with nervous system functions

49
Q

what does the pit organ of pit vipers do

A

detects heat of warm blooded prey

50
Q

how does the Jacobson’s organ work

A

snakes flick their tongues to pick up chemicals of the air before drawing their tongue back into the mouth and across Jacobson’s organ to detect specific scents

51
Q

what can lizards do that snakes can’t? (3)

A

moveable eyelids, internal ear openings, some have detachable tails

52
Q

autotomy

A

the ability to detach and grow back tails, allows lizards to escape from prey

53
Q
A

Zoology (6 decks)

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