class week 1

Question 1

What is the simplest way to examine the structure of the human body

Answer 1

inspection

Question 2

palpitation

Answer 2

feeling structure with hands

Question 3

auscultation

Answer 3

listening to the bodies natural sounds (heart,lungs)

Question 4

comparative anatomy

Answer 4

the study of multiple species n order to examine similarities, differences, and to analyze evolutionary trends

Question 5

exploratory surgery

Answer 5

opening the body and taking a look inside to see whats wrong

Question 6

gross anatomy

Answer 6

studying the structure with the naked eye

Question 7

histology

Answer 7

study tissue samples under microscope

Question 8

histopathology

Answer 8

study of tissue samples under the microscope for disease

Question 9

cytology

Answer 9

is the study of the structure and function of individual cells

Question 10

ultrastructure

Answer 10

refers to the fine details down to the molecular level revealed by the electron microscope

Question 11

comparative physiology

Answer 11

study of different species, teaches us what we know about bodily function, used for development of new drugs and medical procedures

Question 12

hippocrates

Answer 12

greek father of medicine (hippocratic oath-code of medicine)

Question 13

aristotle

Answer 13

first philosopher to write about anatomy and physiology (diseases-supernatural causes and natural causes)

Question 14

inductive method

Answer 14

making numerous observations until one feels confident in drawing predictions from them (proved beyond reasonable doubt)

Question 15

sample size

Answer 15

the number of subjects used in a study

Question 16

controls

Answer 16

a control group that receives no treatment

Question 17

theory

Answer 17

the greatest amount of info that scientists consider to be true to the best of their knowledge

Question 18

charles darwin

Answer 18

natural selection

Question 19

natural selection

Answer 19

is the principal theory of how everything works

Question 20

evolution

Answer 20

means change in the genetic composition of a population of organisms

Question 21

selection pressures

Answer 21

natural forces that promote reproductive success of some individuals more than others

Question 22

adaptation

Answer 22

things that evolve in response to selection pressures which enables the organism to cope with the changes

Question 23

chimpanzee

Answer 23

closest living relative to us

Question 24

homo-sapiens

Answer 24

us

Question 25

arboreal

Answer 25

treetop habitat

Question 26

bipedalism

Answer 26

standing and walking on two legs

Question 27

organism

Answer 27

human

Question 28

organ system

Answer 28

group of organs with a unique collection function (digestive, respiratory)

Question 29

organ

Answer 29

two or more tissues

Question 30

tissues

Answer 30

mass of cells

Question 31

cells

Answer 31

the smallest unit of an organism

Question 32

organelles

Answer 32

microscopic structures in a cell (mitochondria, lysosomes)

Question 33

molecule

Answer 33

a particle composed of atleast two atoms

Question 34

atoms

Answer 34

the smallest particle with unique chemical identities

Question 35

proteins, fats, DNA

Answer 35

largest molecules

Question 36

reductionism

Answer 36

theory that a large complex system such as the human body can be understood by studying its simpler components

Question 37

holism

Answer 37

theory there are emergent properties of the whole organism that can not be predicted from its simpler components

Question 38

.development

Answer 38

any change in form or function over the lifetime of the organism

Question 39

differentation

Answer 39

the transformation of cells with no specialized function into cells that are committed to a particular task (the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells)

Question 40

growth

Answer 40

an increase in size (the change of the size as an infant matures)

Question 41

the internal state of the body is best described as a

Answer 41

dynamic equilibrium

Question 42

set point

Answer 42

average value for a given variable in which conditions fluctuate slightly

Question 43

negative feedback

Answer 43

help body maintain homeostasis

Question 44

positive feedback

Answer 44

childbirth, could be deadly

Question 45

vasodilation

Answer 45

widening of blood vessels (sweating)

Question 46

vasoconstriction

Answer 46

narrowing of blood vessels (shivering)

Question 47

receptor

Answer 47

structure that senses a change in the body

Question 48

control center

Answer 48

a mechanism that processes the info when there is a change in the body and makes a decision for the appropriate response

Question 49

effector

Answer 49

the cell or organ that carries out the corrective response when something in the body changes

Question 50

plural endings

Answer 50

pg 20

Question 51

arm

Answer 51

brachial region

Question 52

forearm

Answer 52

antebrachial region

Question 53

wrist

Answer 53

carpal region

Question 54

hand

Answer 54

manual region

Question 55

fingers and toes

Answer 55

digits

Question 56

thigh

Answer 56

femoral region

Question 57

leg

Answer 57

crural region

Question 58

ankle

Answer 58

tarsal region

Question 59

foot

Answer 59

pedal region

Question 60

cranial cavity

Answer 60

enclosed by the cranium and contains the brain

Question 61

vertebral canal

Answer 61

enclosed by the vertebral column (spine)

Question 62

meninges

Answer 62

three membrane layers that protect the delicate nervous tissue in the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity

Question 63

thoracic cavity

Answer 63

lined with thin serous membranes that secrete a lubricating film

Question 64

mediastinum (in the middle)

Answer 64

a thick wall that divides the thoracic cavity

Question 65

pericardium (peri-around)

Answer 65

two layer membrane around the heart

Question 66

visceral pericadium (inner)

Answer 66

the inner layer of the pericadium that forms the surface of the heart

Question 67

the outer layer of the pericardium

Answer 67

parietal (outer) pericardium

Question 68

the right and left sides of the of the thoracic cavity include the

Answer 68

lungs

Question 69

pleura

Answer 69

a serous 2 layer membrane around the lungs

Question 70

visceral (inner) pleura

Answer 70

forms the external surface of the lung

Question 71

Parietal pleura (outer)

Answer 71

lines the inside of the ribs

Question 72

visceral layer

Answer 72

covers an organ surface

Question 73

parietal layer

Answer 73

lines the inside of a body cavity