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1. Classic Rapid Review > Classic Key Associations > Flashcards

Classic Key Associations Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increase ICP stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretions)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL:child
CLL: adult > 60yo
AML: adult ~60yo
CML: adult 45 - 85yo

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5
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions of Crohn disease

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Aortic dissection

A

HTN

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10
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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11
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

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12
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, gastric malignancies (adeno, MALToma)

A

H pylori

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S pneumo

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14
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

GBS/E coli (newborn)

S pneumo/N meningitidis (kids)

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15
Q

Bilteral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet rings cells)

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16
Q

Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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17
Q

Breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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18
Q

Breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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19
Q

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)

A

fibroadenoma

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20
Q

Cardiac tumor, (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, seen in tuberous sclerosis

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21
Q

Cardiac manifestations of SLE

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

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22
Q

Cardiac tumor, (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma in LA “ball and valve”

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23
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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24
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

A fib, associated with high risk of emboli

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25
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
26
CAH hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
27
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (worldwide), viral illness (developed world
28
Coronary artery involvement in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > circumflex
29
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
30
Cushing syndrome
- Iatrogenic (from tx) - Adrenocortical adenoma - ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease) - Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
31
Cyanosis (early; less common)
TOF, Transposition of great vessels, Truncus arteriosus
32
Death in CML
Blast crisis
33
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
34
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
35
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide), Adenocarcinoma (US)
36
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
37
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
38
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with Hep B, Hep C and alcoholism)
39
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
40
HTN, secondary
``` renal artery stenosis Chronic kidney disease Polycystic kidney disease Diabetic nephropathy Hyperaldosteronism ```
41
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma
42
Infection 2/2 blood transfusion
Hep C
43
Infections in CGD
S Aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
44
Intellectual disability
consider Down and Fragile X
45
Kidney stones
- Calcium = radiopaque - Struvite = radiopaque and 2/2 infxn by urease + Proteus, Klebsiella, S saprophyticus - Uric acid = radiolucent - Cystine = radiolucent
46
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)
47
Malignancy associated with non-infectious fever
Hodgkin Lymphoma
48
Malignancy in kids
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
49
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
50
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
51
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
52
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
53
Myocarditis
Consider coxsackie B
54
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis
55
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
56
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
57
Nosocomial pneumonia
S Aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram - rods
58
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
59
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
60
Osteomyelitis in general
S Aureus
61
Osteomyelitis in sick cell patient
Salmonella
62
Osteomyelitis in IVDA
Pseudomonas, Candida, S Aureus
63
Ovarian tumor (benign)
Serous cystadenoma
64
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
65
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
66
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), CF (kids)
67
Primary Amenorrhea
Consider Turner syndrome
68
Primary bone tumors (adults)
Multiple myeloma
69
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
70
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenoma, hyperplasia, carcinoma
71
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
72
Recurrent inflammation, thrombosis of small to medium vessels in extremities
``` Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) "segmental thrombosing vasculitis" ```
73
Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels
Z-E syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1
74
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von-Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
75
S3 heart sound
increase ventricular filling pressure (mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
76
S4 heart sound
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
77
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic renal disease
78
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
79
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal Aorta Coronary artery Popliteal artery Carotid artery
80
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery Polymyalgia rheumatica
81
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), increase placental ALP
82
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)
83
Tumor of infancy
Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)
84
Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign) 5 P's increase catecholamines and metanephrines in urine and plasma (VMA)
85
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
``` Neuroblastoma (malignant) increase HVA & VMA Homer-Wright rosettes CROSSES MIDLINE!! Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome ```
86
Type of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellular, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
87
Type of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
88
UTI
``` E coli S saprophyticus (young women) ```
89
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

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