Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
anticentromere antibodies (antibodies = Ab)
A
scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
antidesmoglein (epithelial) Ab
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane Ab
A
Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
4
Q
Antihistone Ab
A
Drug-induced SLE
hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide
5
Q
Anti-IgG Ab
A
RA
systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity
6
Q
Antimitochondrial Ab (AMA)
A
primary biliary cirrhosis
(female, cholestasis, portal hypertension
7
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCA)
A
vasculitis
(C-ANCA; granulomatosis with polyangiitis - Wegener’s)
(P-ANCA; microscopic polyangiitis - Churg-Stauss)
8
Q
Antinuclear Ab
ANAs - anti-smith, anti-dsDNA
A
SLE
type III HS
9
Q
Antiplatelet Ab
A
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase Ab
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-transglutaminease/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Ab
A
Celiac disease
diarrhea, distension, weight loss
12
Q
“apple core” lesion on ab xray
A
colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
13
Q
azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML; especially promyelocytic (M3) type)
14
Q
Bacitracin response
A
sensitive: S. pyogenes (Group A)
resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)
15
Q
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
A
ankylosing spondylitis
Chronic inflam arthritis: HLA-B27
16
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants of RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies
17
Q
Howell-jolly bodies are due to…
A
splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen
18
Q
basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
subarchnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
“boot shaped’ heart on xray
A
tetralogy of fallot, RVH
21
Q
branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules
A
actinomyces israeli
22
Q
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
pancost tumor
23
Q
what can pancoast tumor cause
A
compression of sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syn
24
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
hyperparathyroidism or
osteitis fibrosa cystica
25
what is the reason for the "brown" in "brown" tumor of bone
deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color
26
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
chagas' disease
| T. cruzi
27
cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
28
"chocolate cyst" of ovary
endometriosis
| frequently involves both ovaries
29
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
homer-wright rosettes
30
where do you see homer-wright rosettes
neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma
31
colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
cystic fibrosis
32
what is cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive
| mutation in CFTR --> fat-soluble vit deficiency and mucous plug
33
decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
34
degeneration of dorsal column nerves
tabes dorsalis, subacute combined degeneration
35
what is affected in subacute combined dengenration
dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected
36
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
parkinson's disease
| basal ganglia disorders: rigidity, resting tremors, bradykinesia
37
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals
38
where do you find Curschmann's syndrome
bronchial asthma- can result in whorled mucous plugs
39
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
call-exner bodies
| granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
40
dyplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
koilocytes
| HPV- predisposes to cervical cancer
41
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"owl's eye" of CMV
42
enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie's eye" nuclei
| papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
43
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
mallory bodies (alcohol liver disease)
44
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
lewy body (parkinson's disease)
45
eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
46
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cell
negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)
47
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
senile plaques
| Alzheimer's disease
48
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells
| Hodgkin's Lymphoma
49
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk-sac tumor)
50
"hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on xray
B-Thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
51
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
52
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
53
heterophile Ab
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
54
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
55
high level of D-dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
56
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex
57
When is Ghon complex formed/found
primary TB, mycobacterium bacilli
58
"honeycomb lung" on xray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
59
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau's syndrome
60
Trousseau's syndrome is found ...
adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung
61
hypersegmented neutrophils
```
megaloblastic anemia
(b12 def - neurologic symptoms;
folate def - no neurologic sympt)
```
62
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn's syndrome
63
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron def, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)
64
increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural defect)
65
increased uric acid levels
gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
66
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
cowdry type A bodies (HSV and CMV)
67
iron-containing nodules in alveloar septum
```
Ferruginous bodies
(asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)
```
68
keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
69
large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi
| congenital failure of phagolysosome formation
70
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema xray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
71
linear appearnce of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
goodpasture's syndrome
72
low serum ceruloplasmin
wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
73
"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on IF
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
74
what is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b
75
lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on xray
multiple myeloma
76
mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
fibrocystic change of the breast
77
monoclonal Ab spike
```
multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
MGUS - normal consquence of aging
waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia)
primary amyloidosis
```
78
mucin-filled cell with peripheral nuclues
signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
79
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray
"string sign" (Crohn's)
80
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener's - c-ANCA)
| Goodpasture's (Anti-basement membrane Ab)
81
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
gout (monosodium urate crystals)
82
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson (diabetic nephropathy)
83
novobiosin response
sensitive: S. epi
resistant: S. sapro
84
"nutmeg" appearance of liver
chronic passive congestion of liver d/t right heart failure
85
"onion skin" periosteal rxn
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
86
optochin response
sensitive: S. pneumoniae
resistant: Viridans Strep.
87
periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
88
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
89
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (OA resulting in bony sclerosis)
90
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
```
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's)
Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
```
91
psammoma bodies
meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
92
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
93
RBC casts in urine
acute glomerulonephritis (post-strep)
94
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
95
renal epithelial cast in urine
acute toxic/viral nephrosis
96
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
97
rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
98
ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
99
sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky"
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8;14]), c-myc activation
100
Burkitt's lymphoma is associated with what bug
EBV ("black sky" of malignant cells)
101
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease- progressive dementia, personality change)
102
"soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (benign)
103
"spikes" on basement membrane, "dome like" subepithelial deposits
membranous glomerulonephritis
104
stacks of RBC
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
105
stipple vaginal epithelial cells
"clue cells"
| gardnerella vaginalias
106
"tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granulomas)
107
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn
| arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBC
108
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
109
"thumb sign" on lateral xray
Epiglottitis (HiB)
110
Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
111
TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease
| alcoholic or metabolic syndrome
112
"waxy" casts in urine
chronic end-stage renal disease
113
WBC cast in urine
acute pyelonephritis
114
WBCs that look smudge
CLL
115
"wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
116
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia
| d/t subarachnoid hemorrhage
