Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
3
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigous vulgaris (blistering)
4
Q
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
5
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis + hemoptysis)
6
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes; resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
7
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
8
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, esp the promyelocytic [M3] type)
9
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
10
Q
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
11
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
12
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)
13
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Microscopic polyangiitis & Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-pANCA), granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener, PR3-cANCA)
14
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
15
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA)
A
Systemic lupus erythematosus (type III hypersensitivity)
16
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
17
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
18
Q
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
A
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
19
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
hCG elevated
A
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy), pregnancy
21
Q
“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
22
Q
“Hair on end” (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
A
Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
23
Q
Branching gram-positive rodes with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
24
Q
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
A
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sack tumor), chill dude.
25
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)
26
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
27
"Brown" tumor of bone
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
28
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
29
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
30
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
31
Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
32
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
33
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
34
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
35
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
37
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
38
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
39
Dec AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
40
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eye" appearance of CMV
41
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (affects dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts)
42
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocyte (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
43
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability)
44
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
45
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
46
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
47
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
48
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretion
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
49
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staph epidermidis, resistant: Staph saprophyticus
50
High level of D-dimers
DIC, DVT, PE
51
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
52
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB, Mycobacterium bacilli)
53
Needle-shaped negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
54
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
55
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-c-ANCA), Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
56
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lungs)
57
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String sign" (Crohn disease)
58
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro sx, folate deficiency: no neuro sx)
59
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"Signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)
60
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
61
Monoclonal antibody spike
```
Multiple myeloma (IgA or IgG usually)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary amyloidosis
```
62
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
63
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
64
Inc AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
65
Lytic ("hold-punched") bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
66
Inc uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop/thiazide diuretics
67
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG & C3b)
68
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
69
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
70
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: inc chance of mesothelioma)
71
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome
72
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
73
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
74
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
75
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
76
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
77
Optochin response
Sensitive: Strep pneumoniae, resistant: Viridans strep
78
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
79
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
80
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell)
81
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease (child w nephrotic syndrome)
82
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
83
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis results in bony sclerosis)
84
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
85
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
86
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
87
Psammoma bodies
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of ovary or endometrium
88
"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
89
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
90
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
91
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
92
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
93
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
94
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
95
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral renal injury
96
"Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
97
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
98
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
99
Rib notching
Coarctation of aorta
100
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleax formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
101
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
102
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
103
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt lymphoma (t(8;14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
104
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
105
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau protein in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
