Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards by Draco M

anti-centromere Ab

scleroderma (CREST)

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anti-desmoglein (epithelial) Ab

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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anti-GBM Ab

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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anti-histone Ab

drug-induced SLE (Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Procainamide)

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anti-IgG Ab

RA (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)

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anti-mitochondrial Ab (AMAs)

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCAs)

microscopic polyangitis -and- eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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anti-nuclear Ab (ANA: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

SLE (type 3 HSR)

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anti-platelet Ab

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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anti-topoisomerase Ab

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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anti-trans.glutamin.ase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Ab

Celiac dz (diarrhea, weight loss)

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“apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

CRC (L-sided)

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atypical lymphocytes

EBV

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azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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Bacitracin response

sensitive: S. pyogenes group A
resistant: S. agalactiae group B

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“bamboo spine” on xray

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)

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basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Howell-Jolly bodies (d/t splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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basophilic stippling of RBCs

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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bloody or yellow tap on lumber puncture

SAH

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“boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

Tetralogy of Fallot (d/t RVH)

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branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

Actinomyces israelii

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bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

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“brown” tumor of bone

HYPER-parathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN)

"chocolate cyst" of ovary

endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

CF (AR mutation in CFTR gene-->fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

DEC AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

DS or other chromosomal abnormalities

degeneration of dorsal column pathways

tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

"delta wave" on EKG, short PR interval, SVT

WPW syndrome (bundle of Kent bypasses AV nodes)

depigmentation of neurons in SN

Parkinson dz (basal ganglia d/o; rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "raisinoud" nuclei and hyperchromasia

koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical ca)

electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

pericardial tamponade

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

"owl eye" appearance of CMV

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing

"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

Mallory body (alcoholic liver dz)

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

eosinophilic globule in liver

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

Negri bodies of rabies

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

"hair on end" ("crew cut") appearance on xray

beta-thalassemia, SCD (marrow expansion)

hCG elevated

- choriocarcinoma - hydatiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) - multiple pregnancy

heart nodules (granulomatous)

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

heterophile antibodies

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

hexagonal, dbl-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

high levels of D-dimers

DVT, PE, DIC

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

"honeycomb lung" on xray or CT

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

hypersegmented neutrophils

megaloblastic anemia - B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms - folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms

HTN, hypo-kalemia, metabolic alkalosis

Conn syndrome (primary HYPER-aldosteronism)

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

- iron deficiency anemia - lead poisoning - thalassemia (fetal Hgb sometimes present)

INC AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

- dating error - anencephaly - spina bifida (NTD)

INC uric acid levels

- gout - Lesch-Nyhan syndrome - tumor lysis syndrome - loop and thiazide diuretics

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: INC chance of mesothelioma)

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

squamous cell carcinoma

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

"lead pipe" appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

Goodpasture syndrome

low serum ceruloplasmin

Wilson dz (hepatolenticular degeneration)

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

PSGN (d/t deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)

lytic punched out bone lesions on xray

multiple myeloma

mammary gland blue domes cyst

fibrocystic change of the breast

monoclonal Ab spike

- multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA) - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging) - Waldenstrom (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia - primary amyloidosis

mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray

string sign (Crohn disease)

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane Ab)

needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

gout (monosodium urate crystals)

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

Novobiocin response

- sensitive: S. epidermidis | - resistant: S. saprophyticus

nutmeg appearance of liver

chronic passive congestion of liver d/t R. HF or Budd-Chiari syndrome

onion skin periosteal reaction

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

optochin response

- sensitive: S. pneumo | - resistant: viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis)

periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

Codman triangle on xray, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

podocyte fusion or effacement on EM

Minimal change dz (kid with nephrotic syndrome)

polished ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

eburnation (osteoarthiritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick dz)