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Gunnin: fast facts > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

First Aid: 570-573 Complete

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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3
Q

Anti-GBM antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis) or Anti-GBM syndrome (only renal involvement)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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7
Q

ANCAs (general)

A

Vasculitis

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8
Q

c-ANCA

A

Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis

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9
Q

p-ANCA

A

Microscopic polyangiitis; Churg-strauss syndrome

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10
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (specifically anti-smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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11
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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12
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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13
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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14
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML). Will see stacks of Auer rods in AML type 3 (PML)

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16
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Strep pyrogenes (group A)
Resistant: Strep agalactiae (group B)

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17
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (from splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

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19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

“Boot shaped” heart on xray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH

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22
Q

Branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and–>Horner’s syndrome)

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24
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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25
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosome cruzi)

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26
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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27
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

Endometriosis (freq involves both ovaries)

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28
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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29
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation in CFTR–>fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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30
Q

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

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31
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

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32
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nirga

A

Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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33
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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34
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

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35
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koliocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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36
Q

Enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owls eye” appearance of CMV

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37
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground-glass nuclei

A

“Orphan Annie’s eyes” nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)

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40
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever.

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41
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)

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42
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimers)

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43
Q

Giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusion (owl’s eyes)

A

Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

44
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

45
Q

“Hair on end” (crew cut) appearance on X-ray

A

Beta-thalassemia; sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

46
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma; hydatidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/o embryo)

47
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

48
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (ECV)

49
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

50
Q

High levels of D-dimers

A

DIC

51
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy; peripheral granulomatous lesion in the middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB; mycobacterium bacilli)

52
Q

“Honeycomb lung” on X-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

53
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau’s syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lungs)

54
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro symptoms; folate def: no neuro symptoms)

55
Q

HTN, hyperkalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome

56
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia; lead poisoning; thalassemia (can have fetal hbg present)

57
Q

Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error; anencephaly; spina bifida (neural tube defect)

58
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout; Lesch-Nyhan syndrome; tumor lysis syndrome; loop and thiazide diuretics

59
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

60
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestos: incr chance of mesothelioma)

61
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

62
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

63
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema X-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

64
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

65
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

66
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

67
Q

Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on X-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

68
Q

Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

69
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A 
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
MGUS (normal consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein= IgM)
Primary amyloidosis
70
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

71
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium X-ray

A

“String sign” (Crohn’s disease)

72
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (c-ANCA)

Goodpasture’s syndrome

73
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively bifringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

74
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmerstial-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

75
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staph epi
Resistant: Staph saprophyticus

76
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

77
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

78
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Strep pneumoniae
Resistant: Viridans strep

79
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

80
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on EM

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

81
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

82
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s disease) and Pick’s bodies (Pick’s disease)

83
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas; papillary thyroid carcinoma; mesothelioma; papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

84
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

85
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Nephritic syndrome

86
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

87
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

88
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively bifringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

89
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarction of the aorta

90
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

91
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered, pale, tingible body macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, assoc with EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells)

92
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane; “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

93
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

94
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

95
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

96
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

97
Q

“Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Bierbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

98
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

99
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottis (Haemophilus influenzae)

100
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

101
Q

Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membrane on LM

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

102
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

103
Q

“Waxy casts” with very low urine flow

A

Chronic ESRD

104
Q

WBCs that appear smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

105
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on LM

A

Lupus nephropathy

106
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (e.g. due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Gunnin: fast facts (4 decks)

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