Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards by Arielle F

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

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Neisseria meningitidis

Penicillin/ceftriaxone

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

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Clostridium botulinum

Antitoxin

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Clostridium tetani

Antitoxin

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Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins)
MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

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Streptococcus pyogenes

Penicillin prophylaxis

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, PNA), vancomycin (meningitis)

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Streptococcus bovis

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

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Enterococci

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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H flu (b)

Amoxicillin +/- clavulanate (mucosal infections), ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis)

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Legionella pneumophila

Macrolides (eg azithromycin)

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

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Treponema pallidum

Penicillin G

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Chlamydia trachomatis

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants

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Rickettsia rickettsii

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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Candida albicans

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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Cryptococcus neoformans

Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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Sporothrix schenkii

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

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Pneumocystis jirovecii

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients, CD4 <200/mm3)

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Toxoplasma gondii

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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Malaria

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

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Trichomonas vaginalis

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

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Influenza

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

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CMV

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis)

Clostridium difficile

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

UTI prophylaxis

TMP-SMX

Chronic hepatitis B or C

IFN-a (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

Patent ductus arteriosus

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

Stable angina

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Hypercholesterolemia

Statin (first-line)

Buerger disease

Smoking cessation

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

Kawasaki disease

IVIG, high-dose ASA

Temporal arteritis

High-dose steroids

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

Pheochromocytoma

alpha-antagonists (eg phenoxybenzamine)

Prolactinoma

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Diabetes insipidus

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

SIADH

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

Diabetes mellitus type I

Dietary intervention (low carb) + insulin replacement

Diabetes mellitus type II

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

Carcinoid syndrome

Octreotide

DKA

Fluids, insulin, K+

Crohn disease

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

Ulcerative colitis

5-ASA preparations (eg mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

Hypertriglyceridemia

Fibrate

Sickle cell disease

Hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Imatinib

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

All-trans retinoic acid

Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

Heparin

Heparin reversal

Protamine sulfate

Immediate anticoagulation

Heparin

Long-term anticoagulation

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

Warfarin reversal

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Mesna

HER2/neu + breast cancer

Trastuzamab

Osteoporosis

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis), bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

Osteomalacia/rickets

Vitamin D supplementation

Chronic gout

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg allopurinol, febuxostat), pegloticase, probenecid

Acute gout attack

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

Neural tube defect prevention

Prenatal folic acid

Migraine

Abortive therapies (eg sumatriptan, NSAIDs), prophylaxis (eg propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

Carbamazepine

Multiple sclerosis

Disease-modifying therapies (eg Beta-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

Tonic-clonic seizures

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Absence seizures

Ethosuximide

Malignant hyperthermia

Dantrolene

Anorexia

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

Bulimia nervosa

SSRIs

Alcoholism

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

ADHD

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomexetine, guanfacine, clonidine

Alcohol withdrawal

Long-acting benzodiazepines

Bipolar disorder

Mood stabilizers (eg lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

Depression

SSRIs (first-line)

Generalized anxiety disorder

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Atypical antipsychotics

Hyperaldosteronism

Spironolactone

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

alpha1 antagonists, 5a-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

Infertility

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

ER+ breast cancer

Tamoxifen

Medical abortion

Mifepristone

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

Prostate adenocarcinoma

Flutamide

Erectile dysfunction

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

(89 cards)