Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards by deborah cruz

Ethylene glycol/Methanol intoxication

Fomepizole (Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

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Chronic hepatitis B or C

IFN- alpha (HBV and HBC); ribavirin, simeprivir, sofosobuvir (HCV)

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Streptococcus bovis

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer in liked to endocarditis

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Clostridium botulinum

Antitoxin

This bacteria prevents release of acetylcholine

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Clostridium tetani

Antitoxin

This bacteria prevents release of the neuroinhibitors GABA and glycine

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Haemophilus influenza type B

Amoxicillin +/-clavulanate (mucosal infections), Ceftriaxone (Meningitis),
Rifampin (prophylaxis)

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Ceftriaxone - 3rd gen cephalosphorin (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachoma)

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Neisseria meningitides

Penicillin/Ceftriaxone

Rifampin (Prophylaxis)

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Legionella pneumophila

Macrolides (ex: Azithromycin)

50S protein synthesis inhibitor

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Aminoglycosides, Carbapenems

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Treponema pallidum

Penicillin G

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Chlamydia trachoma’s

Doxycyclyine (add ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection),

Oral Erythromycin for chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants

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Candida albicans

Topical azoles (Vaginitis);
Nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (Oral/Esophageal);
Fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (Systemic)

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Cryptococcus neoformans

Induction with Amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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Sporothrix schenckii

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

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Pneumocystis jirovecii

TMP-SMX (Prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients, CD4 <200/mm3

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Toxoplasma gondii

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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Malaria

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

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Trichomonas vaginalis

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

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Streptococcus pyogenes

Penicillin prophylaxis

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Penicillin/Cephalosporin (Systemic infections, pneumonia),

Vancomycin (Meningitis)

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Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA: (“nod”) nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (anti staphylococcal penicillins);
MRSA: Vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

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Enterococci

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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Rickettsia rickettsii

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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Clostridium difficile

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

Myobacterium tuberculosis

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

UTI prophylaxis

TMP-SMX

Influenza

Oseltamivir, Zanamivir

CMV

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

Patent ductus arteriousus

Close with indomethacin, | Keep open with prostaglandin (PGE) analogs

Stable angina

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Buerger disease

Smoking cessation

Kawasaki disease

IVIG, aspirin

Temporal arteritis

High dose steroids

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener)

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

Hypercholesterolemia

Statin (first line)

Hypertriglyceridemia

Fibrate

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Class IB antiarrythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

Prolactinoma

Cabergoline/Bromocriptine (Dopamine agonists)

Pheochromocytoma

alpha antagonists (phenoxybenzamine), specially before surgical removal

Diabetes insipidus

Desmopressin (ADH) - Central | Hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride - Nephrogenic

SIADH

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Fluids, insulin, K (potassium)

DM type 1

Dietary intervention (low carbs) + insulin replacement

DM type 2

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics and insulin (if refractory)

Carcinoid syndrome

Octeotride

Chrons disease

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

Ulcerative colitis

5-ASA preparations (mesalamine), 6-mercapturine, infliximab, colectomy

Sickle cell disease

Hydroxyurea (Increases fetal hemoglobin)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Imatinib

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

All-trans retinoid acid

DOC for anticoagulation in pregnancy or renal failure

Low molecular weight heparin

Heparin reversal

Protamine sulfate

Immediate anticoagulation

Heparin

Long term anticoagulation

Warfarin, dagibatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

Warfarin reversal

FFP (acute), Vitamin K (non acute)

Cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Mesna

HER2/neu + breast cancer

Trastuzumab

Osteoporosis

Calcium/Vitamin D supplementation (Prophylaxis); biphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

Osteomalacia/Rickets

Vitamin D supplementation

Chronic gout

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; probenecid

Acute gout attack

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticois

Neural tube defect prevention

Prenatal folic acid

Migraine

``` Abortive therapies (Sumatriptan, NSAIDs) Prophylaxis (Propanolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline) ```

Multiple sclerosis

Disease modifying therapies (Beta interferon, natalizumab) | Acute flares, use IV steroids

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

``` Tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis) Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected) - Seen in Vit B12 deficiency ```

Tonic clonic seizures

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Absence seizures

Ethosuximide

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

Carbamazepine

Malignant hyperthermia

Dantrolene

Anorexia

Nutrition, psychotherapy, SSRIs

Bulimia nervosa

SSRIs

Alcoholism

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

ADHD

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

Alcohol withdrawal

Long acting benzodiazepine

Bipolar disorder

Mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine(, atypical antipsychotics

Depression

SSRIs (first line)

Generalized anxiety disorder

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line), buspirone (second line)

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Atypical antipsychotics

Hyperaldosteronism

Spironolactone

BPH

alpha1 antagonists (tamsulosin, prazosin), 5alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride), PDE-5 inhibitors

Infertility

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

ER + breast cancer

Tamoxifen

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

Medical abortion

Mifepristone

Prostate adenocarcinoma

Flutamide

Erectile dysfunction

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprosterenol

Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

(90 cards)