Classical Conditioning Flashcards by Carly Roberts

In Pavlov’s dog study what is the food?

a. unconditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned response
c. conditioned stimulus
d. conditioned response

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In Pavlov’s dog study what is the bell?

a. unconditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned response
c. conditioned stimulus
d. conditioned response

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In Pavlov’s dog study what is the saliva when the food is shown?

a. unconditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned response
c. conditioned stimulus
d. conditioned response

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In Pavlov’s dog study what is the saliva when the food and bell is shown?

a. unconditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned response
c. conditioned stimulus
d. conditioned response

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In eyeblink conditioning what replaces the puff of air as the conditioned stimulus and what is different about the blink?

a. food, blink is smaller
b. food, blink in bigger
c. tone, blink is smaller
d. tone, blink is bigger

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What was it called when Little Albert’s fear extended to all furry things?

a. conditioning
b. flooding.
c. acquisition
d. generalisation

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In a typical conditioning experiment a neutral stimulus (CS) is presented along with a stimulus that we already know something about (US). What is this phase called?

a. Habituation
b. Acquisition
c. Extinction
d. Learning

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What are the 3 stages of classical conditioning?

Habitutation - CS presented alone
acquisition - CS and US presented
extinction - CS presented alone

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What factors influence the acquisition curve?

Intensity of the US

2. Order and timing of the CS and US

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What is it called when the stimulus that the animal is learning about (CS) is presented before the stimulus that already holds some meaning (US) but there is a delay between the end of the first stimulus and the beginning of the second?

a. delay conditioning
b. trace conditioning
c. simultaneous conditioning
d. backward conditioning

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What is it called when the stimulus that the animal is learning about (CS) is presented at the same time as the stimulus that already holds some meaning (US) ?

a. delay conditioning
b. trace conditioning
c. simultaneous conditioning
d. backward conditioning

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What is it called when the stimulus that the animal is learning about (CS) is presented at the same time after a inter stimulus interval as the stimulus that already holds some meaning (US) ?

a. delay conditioning
b. trace conditioning
c. simultaneous conditioning
d. backward conditioning

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What is it called when the stimulus that the animal is learning about (CS) is presented after the stimulus that already holds some meaning (US) ?

a. delay conditioning
b. trace conditioning
c. simultaneous conditioning
d. backward conditioning

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A short inter stimuls is better for what conditioning:

a. blink
b. taste aversion

a. Blink needs a few ms while taste aversion can be up to 24 hours.

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Explain excitatory conditioning

A CS predicts the occurrence of an US ie A-CS, A-CS, A-CS. Whereever A appears the CS is expected.

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Explain inhibitory conditioning

A CS predicts the absence of US ie A-US, A-US, AB, A-US, AB so if B occurs the CS will not

What two tests does an inhibitor have to pass?

summation and retardation

In a retardation test:

a. First A-US, AB, A-US, AB B becomes inhibitor then B-US, B-US, B-US and N-US, N-US, N-US if slower learning for B then N passes.
b. a. First A-US, AB, A-US, AB B becomes inhibitor then B-US, B-US, B-US and N-US, N-US, N-US if slower learning for N then B passes.
c. First X-US, XB, X-US, XB B becomes inhibitor then present new excitatory CS alone (A) and A with B. If A+B responses less than A than B is a inhibitor.
c. First X-US, XB, X-US, XB B becomes inhibitor then present new excitatory CS alone (A) and A with B. If A+B responses more than A than B is a inhibitor.

In a summation test:

I think that people that provide us with social support are a natural example of a conditioned inhibitor. To test this I present participants with pictures that they have previously learnt predict a shock alone or along with a picture of their mother. What test am I doing?

a. Summation test
b. Evaluation test
c. Retardation test
d. Inhibition test

What happens during extinction?

a. Spontaneous recovery - after a break CS recovers
b. renewal - relapse in a different environment
c. reinstatement - reminder effect
d. all of the above

What are the assumptions of classical conditioning?

equipotentiality - any stimulus can be paired with any condition
contiguity - the more two stimuli are paired the stronger the individual will associate them
contingency - conditioning changes trial to trial in a regular way

Blocking is when:

a. a neutral stimulus and a inhibitory stimulus are paired with a US and a stronger association is formed between the neutral stimulus and US.
b. a neutral stimulus and a inhibitory stimulus are paired with a US and a weaker association is formed between the neutral stimulus and US.
c. a neutral stimulus and a excitatory stimulus are paired with a US and no association is formed between the neutral stimulus and the US.
d. a neutral stimulus and a excitatory stimulus are paired with a US and a strong association is formed between the neutral stimulus and the US.

Superconditioning is when:

You are Pavlov’s dog. One particular guy always brings you food. You always salivate when you hear his footsteps or see him coming towards you. He starts bringing a friend along with him when he brings the food. One day that friend comes alone and your mouth is dry. What is this an example of a. Reinstatement b. Superconditioning c. Blocking d. Acquisition

You are still Pavlov’s dog. All sorts of people bring you food, but there is this old guy with a beard that never does. One day he comes along with a new person and you get some food. When that new person comes to visit you, you are salivating a lot. What is this? a. Reinstatement b. Superconditioning c. Blocking d. Acquisition

You think you have a conditioned inhibitor. You decide to do the retardation test first so you … Pair the inhibitor with a US or a neutral stimulus with the US over and over and compare CRs Present an excitatory stimulus with a US and the inhibitor without a US Present an excitatory stimulus alone and an excitatory stimulus together with the inhibitor and compare CRs Present a neutral stimulus and a neutral stimulus together with an inhibitor and compare CRs

a. c is the summation test.

Is habituation context specific?

If preexposed to a yellow light or a blue light, but then yellow light is pairs with music for both groups. Which group learns more blue or yellow group? a. Blue group due to habituation b. yellow group due to habituation c. blue group, but not due to conditioned inhibition d. yellow group and passes summation test

c. retards learning but does not pass summation test

Why is latent inhibition not the same as inhibitory conditioning? a. When a pre-exposed CS is presented along with an excitatory stimulus, conditioned responding is not reduced compared to the excitatory stimulus alone b. When a pre-exposed CS is presented along with an excitatory stimulus, conditioned responding is reduced compared to the excitatory stimulus alone c. A pre-exposed CS slows excitatory conditioning in a subsequent learning phase d. A pre-exposed CS facilitates excitatory conditioning in a subsequent learning phase

You are walking in the forest and see something out of the corner of your eye. You jump back because you think it is a snake. It is actually a stick. What is happening here? a. Broadening b. Discrimination c. Generalisation d. Specificity

What do you think will cause the most learning to take place? a. Pairing the CS and US lots of time b. Experiencing and unexpected CS-US pairing c. When the CS-US pairing is predictable d. Any time a new CS is paired with a US

The Rescorla-Wagner model measures:

a. the difference between the expected strength of the US and the actual strength of the US, where actual strength is fixed and expected strength depends on prior experience

From what you know. If am using a soft tone as my CS and a weak shock as my US, learning will occur ___________ if I used a loud tone and a strong shock. a. Faster than b. Slower than c. At the same speed as d. Backwards from

I have learned that a tone means an mild shock is coming. I see a yellow light and hear a tone and experience an mild shock. What will I learn about the yellow light? a. My association between the yellow light and the shock will become stronger b. My association between the yellow light and the shock will be weaker c. I will learn nothing about the yellow light d. I will learn that a shock predicts a yellow light

What is the Garcia effect?

Innate learning based on evolution so learn to react to some things faster eg taste and sickness associated faster than taste and light.

Which is correct: a. fear acquisition of mushrooms is faster than snakes and extinction is faster b. fear acquisition of snakes is faster than mushrooms and extinction is faster c. fear acquisition is the same for snakes and mushrooms, but extinction is slower in snakes d. fear acquisition is the same for snakes and mushrooms, but extinction is slower in mushrooms