Classification Flashcards
How are organisms classified
by features they share
Define species
Organisms that can reproduce fertile offsprings
What is the Binomial System of naming
Internationally agreed way of naming where the organisms has two names consisting of the genus(starts with capital letter) and specie( starts with small letter and either written in italics or underlined)
What was the traditional way of classification
By anatomy(detailed body structure determined the dissection) and morphology(outer shape of organism eg wings)
What is the aim of classification
To reflect evolutionary relationships(change in adaptive features over time as a result of natural selection)
What is a more accurate way of classification
By sequence basses of DNA and amino acids in proteins
What determines how close how close organisms
Ones with closer ancestors have more relation than those with further ancestors
Name the order of classification from least similar
Kingdom, Phylum, Class,Oder ,Family, Genus, Specie
What do all organisms have
Cytoplasm, Cell membrane,DNA for genetic material,enzymes for respiration and ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Features of Animal kingdom Plant kingdom Prokaryote Kingdom Protoctist Kingdom Fungai Kingdom
Animal- Mult-icellular heterotrophs have nucleus have no cell wall
Plant- Multi- cellular, Autotrophs, have cellulose cell wall, Have chloroplast
Prokaryote- Single celled. slim capsule or cell wall, May have flagellum, No nucleus, DNA called plasma free in cytoplasm,
Protoctist- Single celled, have nucleus , have protein coat, no cytoplasm only living in host.
Fungai- Multi- cellular. Have nucleus, cell wall made of chitin. Heterotrophic.
Vertabrates
Mammals-fur or hair on skin, lungs to breathe, live on land or water, give birth to live,have 4 legs
Reptiles-have scales, have lungs , usually have 4 legs,have hard eggs
Fish-have wet scales, live in water, have gills to breathe,external fertilization of soft eggs
Amphibians- moist skin, live on land or water, have lungs or gills, have 4 legs,external fertilization of soft eggs.
Birds- feathers on body, scales on feet, 2 wings and 2 legs, live on land, have beak, hard eggs.
Invertebrates /arthropods
Crustaceans- 2 segments cephalothorax and abdomen, 2 antannae, compound eyes, exoskeleton, more than 4 legs
Arachnids- 2 segments cephalothorax and abdomen, simple eyes, 4 pairs of legs, pedipalps for reproduction and chelicerae for catching prey
Myriapods - many segments, joined head and thorax and abdomen in many segments, simple eyes, 1 antanna, legs 70+.
Insects- 1 antanna, 2 pairs of wings, 3 pairs of legs, segmented body, head thorax and abdomen,
Plants ,Describe ferns and flowering plants mono and dicotyledon
Ferns : no flowers, have root system, stem and leaves
leaves called fronds, reproduce by spores
Monocotyledon: one cotyledon, parallel veins, narrow leaves, flower parts in 3s, fibrous root system
Dicotyledon: 2 cotyledons, network of veins, taproot system, flower parts in 4s or 5s, broad leaves
