Classification and Diagnosis Flashcards
(18 cards)
Define classification
process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms frequently cluster together
Define diagnosis
Using classification, we can then determine what disorder a person has. (give them a diagnosis)
What does the classification and diagnosis depend on?
depends on the system used (DSM-5 or ICD-11), this is why they can be different at times
What does the DSM-5 need for diagnosis of schizophrenia?
- 1 positive symptom
- at least one other positive/negative symptom
What does the ICD-10 need for diagnosis of schizophrenia?
1 positive symptom OR two or more negative symptom
What have both the DSM-5 and the ICD-10 dropped and why?
dropped subtypes because they tend to be inconsistent
Give example of a subtype that has been dropped and why
diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia would not show same symptoms a few years later
What is a positive symptom?
additional experiences beyond those of ordinary exsistance.
What are some positive symptoms of schrizophrenia?
- Hallucinations
- Delusions (delusions of grandiosity)
- Disorganised speech (DSM-5)
- Disorganised/catatonic behaviour
What are negative symptoms?
loss of usual abilities and experiences
Give some examples of negative symptoms.
- speech poverty
- Avolition (apathy)
- Affective flattering
What are delusions?
- also known as paranoia, they are irrational beliefs
- delusion of grandiosity
- believing they are a historical/political/religious figure
-having superpowers believing you’re being persecuted or feel they are under external control
What are hallucinations?
-unusual sensory experiences: visual or auditory
- other sensory distortions like taste touch smell
- includes distorted facial expressions or seeing people that aren’t there
what is disorganised speech?
-not speech poverty
-speech becomes incoherent and the speaker changes topic mid sentence
-positive symptom
what is catatonic behaviour?
- unpredictable behaviour
- hyperactivity, inappropriate smiling/laughing, pacing, walking in circles but also freezing and being in a zombie like state
what is speech poverty?
- negative symptom
- reduction in amount and quality of speech
-sometimes delay in response during conversation
what is avolition?
- difficulty keeping up with goal directed activity
- reduced motivation
- three signs (Andreasen 1982)
- poor hygiene, lack of persistent in work/education, lack of energy
what is affective flattering?
- negative symptom
- a reduction in range and intensity of emotional expression
-includes facial expression
-voice tone
-eye contact +body language
