Classification of Aphasia and Auditory Processing Difficulties Flashcards
(70 cards)
impairment based definition of aphasia
An acquired disorder of language processing subsequent to damage to language centres in the brain as a result of stroke, head injury, brain tumour, neurosurgery, infections etc. (a more comprehensive definition would include impact on individual)
what is fluent aphasia
Fluent = Grammatically correct but meaning lost
what is non-fluent aphasia
Agrammatic - lots stopping and starting with pauses for WFD. Often considered telegrammatic with the omission of key grammatical words needed for fluency.
when is the syndrome approach useful/not as useful
useful to know to make predictions about likely presentation although not as useful for planning therapy
types of aphasia outlined in the syndrome approach
broca’s
wernickes
anomic
conduction
global
where is brocas area?
LHS, frontal lobe
what is brocas area also known as?
Aka Brodmann’s area 44 and 45 - pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus
features of brocas aphasia
Good comprehension of words
Impaired comprehension of sentences
Impaired production of words
Impaired repetition
Non-fluent production
Omission of affixes and grammatical morphemes
where is wernickes aphasia
LHS, temporal lobe
what is wernickes area also known as
Brodmann area 22 - posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus
features of WA
Impaired comprehension of words
Impaired comprehension of sentences
Impaired production of words
Impaired repetition of words
Fluent production
Can be unaware of errors they making using incorrect/irrelevant words
Paragrammatic (inability to form grammatically correct sentences)
Often display use of paraphasia (phonemic and semantic errors) and neologisms (non-words)
auditory processing deficits
features of anomic aphasia
Good comprehension of words
Good comprehension of sentences
Impaired production of words
Good repetition
Fluent production (can sometimes appear non-fluent as they pause when experiencing WFD however their grammar is intact so considered fluent)
Frequent WFD in connected speech
what is conduction aphasia caused by?
damage to Arcuate Fasciculus (white matter bundle that connects frontal and temporal lobes by passing underneath parietal lobe)
features of conduction aphasia
Good comprehension of words
Good comprehension of sentences
Production of words: good retrieval of words but phonological errors
Conduite d’approche observed - the person makes a series of incorrect approximations of the target word, sometimes, but not always, ending up with the right pronunciation of the word
Impaired repetition
Fluent speech production
features of global aphasia
Impaired comprehension of words
Impaired comprehension of sentences
Impaired production of words
Impaired repetition
Non-fluent speech production
when was the Wernicke-Lichtheim model made
1885
what does the WL model do
Maps types of aphasia onto anatomical regions to do with localisation of function
2 types of models of input processing
serial stage models
infomation processing models
features of SS models
Boxes: store information
Arrows: represent flow of information from one store to another
Serial organisation
Relates to temporal organisation
examples of SS models (3)
Wernicke Lichtheim, 1885
Patterson & Shewell, 1987
Connectionist model, McClelland & Elman, 1986
features of info processing models
Dataflow diagrams
Describe internal organisation of systems
Tracks flow of information
Flexible: can be adapted as understanding develops
Conceptual not physical
assumptions of processing models (4)
Modularity
Information encapsulation
Domain specific
Mandatory, involuntary operation
research supporting assumptions of processing models
Ellis and Younf, 1988
Fodor, 1983
assumptions of cognitive neuro psychology
Subjectivity (brain remains as it was apart from damage)
Transparency (should be possible to analyse how a person is processing language by mapping onto the model)
