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Antibiotics > classification of bacteria > Flashcards

classification of bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

difference in G+ and G-

A

G+ retains the purple die bc only two layers of membrane/walls
G- doesn’t retain dye (pink) and has 3 layers of walls/membranes

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2
Q

G+ bacteria

A

staph, strep, enterococcus, pepto, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium diptheriae, bacillus anthracis, clostridium

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3
Q

staphlococcus

A

MRSA, MSSA, VRSA, cocci/faculative/grows in clusters

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4
Q

streptococcus

A

PRSP (pen resistant s. pneumoniae), cocci/faculative/grows in chains

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5
Q

enterococcus

A

VRE (vanc resistant enterococcus), cocci/faculative/grows in chains

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6
Q

peptocccus/peptostreptococcus

A

cocci/anaerobic

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7
Q

listeria, cornyebacterium, bacillus anthracis

A

bacilli/faculative

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8
Q

clostridium

A

anaeroboic/bacilli/spore forming

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9
Q

G - bacteria

A

neisseria, moraxella catarrhalis, pseudomonas, acinetor, stenotrophomas, burkholderia, vibrio cholera, enterobacteriaeae (E. coli, klebsiella pneumonia, proteus, enterobacter, serratia, citrobacter, salmonella, shigella, haemophilius influenzae, campyloacter, helicobactor pylori, bartonella, bacteroides fragilis

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10
Q

hard to treat/ often resistant antimicrobials

A 
SPACE
Serratia marcescens
psudomonas aeruginosa
Acinetobacter 
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
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11
Q

fastidious (slow growing) gram - bacteria associated with endocarditits

A 
Haemophilus
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella
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12
Q

cocci/faculative/G-

A

neisseria, moraxella catarrhalis

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13
Q

bacilli/aerobic/G-

A

psudomonas aeruginosa acientobacter baumanni, stentrophomonas maltophilia, burkholderia

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14
Q

bacilli /faculative/G-

A

vibrio cholera, enterobacteriaeae (e coli, serratia, citrobacter, salmonella, shigella, proteus)

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15
Q

bacilli/aerobic/fastidious/G-

A

haemophilus influenzae, campylobacter, H. pylori, bartonella

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16
Q

bacilli/anaerobic/G-

A

bacteroides fragilis

17
Q

atypical bacteria

A

mycoplasma, mycobacterium (tb, leprae), chlamydia, rickettsia, legionella pneumophilia

18
Q

can you easily identify atypical bacteria using the gram stain?

A

no cell wall so you can’t do a gram stain, cell wall with a different composition, won’t give you any information

19
Q

catalase test

A

breakdown of H2O2 to H2O and O
catalase positive = staphylococcus
catalase negative = streptococcus

20
Q

coagulase test

A

converts fibrinogen to fibrin
used to differentiate staphyloccocus spp
coagulase positive - staphylococcus aureus
coagulase negative - staphylococus epidermis, staphylococcus saprophyticus (will just say CoNS)

21
Q

hemolysis test

A

strep species classified on their ability to hemolyze RBC

22
Q

alpha hemolytic

A

RBC intact, oxidize iron of hemoglobin, green/brown discoloration, strep pneumoniae and virdidans strep

23
Q

beta hemolytic

A

complete RBC, clear zones around the colonies, strep pyogens, strep agalactiae

24
Q

gamma hemolytic

A

no hemolysis, strep gallolyticus (formally s. bovis)

25
Q

lancefield stereotypes

A

used to distinguish between strep and enterococcus, bacteria are grouped based on their carbs present on the bacterial cell wall
group A: strep pyogens
group B: strep agalactiae
group D: strep gallolyticus (S. bovis)
none: strep pneumonia and virdans stretptococcus

26
Q

E facalis vs E faecium

A

facalis: causes majority of enterococcal infections, less drug resistant
faecium: causes a minority of enterococci infections, more drug resistant

27
Q

lactose fermentation test

A

ability to ferment lactose and used to differentiate the gram - rods

28
Q

lactose fermenters

A

e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia

29
Q

lactose non fermenters

A

pseudomonas, proteus, hemophilus, salmonella, shigella, stenotrophomonas, acinetobacter

30
Q

benefits of the normal flora

A

compete with invading pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and space, healthy flora prevent infections, helps metaboliz non digestible carbs, provides VK and VB

31
Q

site of infection of gram positive cocci

A

skin, soft tissue, heart valves, lung, bones, joints, hardware such artificial joints, indwelling of lines

32
Q

site of infection of gram negative rods

A

intraabdominal organ, geniourinary system
HAP: hospital acquired pneumonia
VAP: ventilator acquired pneumonia

33
Q

anaerobes site of infection

A

lung abcess, oral cavity, aspiration pneumonitis, intrabdominal organ/space, deep skin/soft tissue infections, diabetic food tinfections

34
Q

atypical site of infection

A

community acquired pneumonia

Antibiotics (2 decks)

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