classification of bacteria

Question 1

difference in G+ and G-

Answer 1

G+ retains the purple die bc only two layers of membrane/walls
G- doesn’t retain dye (pink) and has 3 layers of walls/membranes

Question 2

G+ bacteria

Answer 2

staph, strep, enterococcus, pepto, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium diptheriae, bacillus anthracis, clostridium

Question 3

staphlococcus

Answer 3

MRSA, MSSA, VRSA, cocci/faculative/grows in clusters

Question 4

streptococcus

Answer 4

PRSP (pen resistant s. pneumoniae), cocci/faculative/grows in chains

Question 5

enterococcus

Answer 5

VRE (vanc resistant enterococcus), cocci/faculative/grows in chains

Question 6

peptocccus/peptostreptococcus

Answer 6

cocci/anaerobic

Question 7

listeria, cornyebacterium, bacillus anthracis

Answer 7

bacilli/faculative

Question 8

clostridium

Answer 8

anaeroboic/bacilli/spore forming

Question 9

G - bacteria

Answer 9

neisseria, moraxella catarrhalis, pseudomonas, acinetor, stenotrophomas, burkholderia, vibrio cholera, enterobacteriaeae (E. coli, klebsiella pneumonia, proteus, enterobacter, serratia, citrobacter, salmonella, shigella, haemophilius influenzae, campyloacter, helicobactor pylori, bartonella, bacteroides fragilis

Question 10

hard to treat/ often resistant antimicrobials

Answer 10

SPACE
Serratia marcescens
psudomonas aeruginosa
Acinetobacter 
Citrobacter
Enterobacter

Question 11

fastidious (slow growing) gram - bacteria associated with endocarditits

Answer 11

Haemophilus
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella

Question 12

cocci/faculative/G-

Answer 12

neisseria, moraxella catarrhalis

Question 13

bacilli/aerobic/G-

Answer 13

psudomonas aeruginosa acientobacter baumanni, stentrophomonas maltophilia, burkholderia

Question 14

bacilli /faculative/G-

Answer 14

vibrio cholera, enterobacteriaeae (e coli, serratia, citrobacter, salmonella, shigella, proteus)

Question 15

bacilli/aerobic/fastidious/G-

Answer 15

haemophilus influenzae, campylobacter, H. pylori, bartonella

Question 16

bacilli/anaerobic/G-

Answer 16

bacteroides fragilis

Question 17

atypical bacteria

Answer 17

mycoplasma, mycobacterium (tb, leprae), chlamydia, rickettsia, legionella pneumophilia

Question 18

can you easily identify atypical bacteria using the gram stain?

Answer 18

no cell wall so you can’t do a gram stain, cell wall with a different composition, won’t give you any information

Question 19

catalase test

Answer 19

breakdown of H2O2 to H2O and O
catalase positive = staphylococcus
catalase negative = streptococcus

Question 20

coagulase test

Answer 20

converts fibrinogen to fibrin
used to differentiate staphyloccocus spp
coagulase positive - staphylococcus aureus
coagulase negative - staphylococus epidermis, staphylococcus saprophyticus (will just say CoNS)

Question 21

hemolysis test

Answer 21

strep species classified on their ability to hemolyze RBC

Question 22

alpha hemolytic

Answer 22

RBC intact, oxidize iron of hemoglobin, green/brown discoloration, strep pneumoniae and virdidans strep

Question 23

beta hemolytic

Answer 23

complete RBC, clear zones around the colonies, strep pyogens, strep agalactiae

Question 24

gamma hemolytic

Answer 24

no hemolysis, strep gallolyticus (formally s. bovis)

Question 25

lancefield stereotypes

Answer 25

used to distinguish between strep and enterococcus, bacteria are grouped based on their carbs present on the bacterial cell wall group A: strep pyogens group B: strep agalactiae group D: strep gallolyticus (S. bovis) none: strep pneumonia and virdans stretptococcus

Question 26

E facalis vs E faecium

Answer 26

facalis: causes majority of enterococcal infections, less drug resistant faecium: causes a minority of enterococci infections, more drug resistant

Question 27

lactose fermentation test

Answer 27

ability to ferment lactose and used to differentiate the gram - rods

Question 28

lactose fermenters

Answer 28

e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia

Question 29

lactose non fermenters

Answer 29

pseudomonas, proteus, hemophilus, salmonella, shigella, stenotrophomonas, acinetobacter

Question 30

benefits of the normal flora

Answer 30

compete with invading pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and space, healthy flora prevent infections, helps metaboliz non digestible carbs, provides VK and VB

Question 31

site of infection of gram positive cocci

Answer 31

skin, soft tissue, heart valves, lung, bones, joints, hardware such artificial joints, indwelling of lines

Question 32

site of infection of gram negative rods

Answer 32

intraabdominal organ, geniourinary system HAP: hospital acquired pneumonia VAP: ventilator acquired pneumonia

Question 33

anaerobes site of infection

Answer 33

lung abcess, oral cavity, aspiration pneumonitis, intrabdominal organ/space, deep skin/soft tissue infections, diabetic food tinfections

Question 34

atypical site of infection

Answer 34

community acquired pneumonia