Classification of bones Flashcards
(20 cards)
Cartilage consists primarily of what?
What does this give the cartilage the ability of
Consists mainly of water which gives the cartilage resilience and ability to spring back to original shape after being compressed
Cartilage contains no what?
No blood vessels or nerves
What is cartilage surorunded by? What is this layer made of?
Perichondrium which acts as a girdle
Dense irregular connective tissue
It resists the outward expansion when the cartilage is compressed
The layer also has blood vessels to provide the nutrients
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage
The 3 cartilages have what basic structure?
Made of chondrocytes which are encased in small cavities (lacunae) within an ECM which contains fibers and ground substance
Hyaline Cartilages
1) Look like what?
2) contain what type of collagen fibers + how are the chondrocytes?
3) Provides what function?
4) Where are the 4 places they are found?
1) frosted glass
2) fine collagen fibers and the chondrocytes are spherical
3) provide support and flexibility
4) Costal cartilages - ribs to sternum
Articular cartilages - Cover ends of most bones of movable joints
Respiratory cartilages - Skeleton of the larynx
Nasal cartilages - Supports external nose
Elastic cartilages
1) What type of fibers do they contain? and why?
2) Found where?
1) Elastic stretchy fibers to withstand repeated bending
2) Epiglottis and external ear
Fibrocartilages
1) What type of fibres and chondrocytes
2) what is the function?
3) where do they occur?
1) Thick collagen fibres. Parallel rows of chondrocytes alternating with thick collagen fibres
2) highly compressible with tensile strength
3) cartilage of the knee and discs between vertebrae , pubic symphysis
Difference between bones and cartilage in terms of matrix allows for what?
Bone matrix is harder whilst cartilage matrix is more flexible which allows for growth/mitosis
What are the two types of cartilage growth?
Appositional growth and interstitial growth
Appositional growth is what?
Cartilage forming cells in perichondrium secrete matrix against external face of the existing cartilage tissue
Growth from outside
Interstitial growth is what?
Lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within
What makes up the axial skeleton?
Long axis of the body, includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column and rib cage
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton
What are the main types of bone?
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular
What is the overall shape of a long bone
Shaft with two expanded ends
Short bones are found where?
Ankle and wrist
Flat bones can be found where?
Sternum, Scapulae, Ribs and skull bones
Irregular bones can be found where?
Vertebrae and hip bones
What are the main functions of bones?
Support, Protect, Hormone production, Blood cell formation, Fat Storage, Movement, Mineral Production
Support- cradles the soft organs
Mineral - Bone is a reservoir for calcium and phosphate, these are released into the bloodstream
Fat - stored in bone cavities
Hormone - Bones produce osteocalcin, hormone helps regulate bone formation which protects against obesity, glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus
