Classification Of Motor Skills

Question 1

Why are skills placed on a continua?

Answer 1

Skills have characteristics which can change according to the situation

Question 2

What is a continua?

Answer 2

An imaginary scale between 2 extreme which shows a gradual increase or decrease in a number of characteristics

Question 3

3 characteristics of skills

Answer 3

Learnt
Goal directed
Follow a technical model

Question 4

What is the environmental influencer

Answer 4

Open——-> closed

Question 5

What are the characteristics of an open skill?

Answer 5

Affected by the environment
May require the performer to adapt
Mostly externally paced
Require decisions to be made

Question 6

What are the characteristics of closed skills?

Answer 6

Unaffected by the environment
Are habitual 
Involve a set movement 
Need less decision making
Tends to be self paced

Question 7

Give an example of an open skill

Answer 7

Returning the tennis serve

Passing in any sport

Question 8

Give an example of a closed skill

Answer 8

Gymnastics routine

Question 9

What is muscular involvement?

Answer 9

Gross ——> fine

Question 10

What are gross skills?

Answer 10

Involved large muscle groups

Little concern for precision

Question 11

What are fine skills?

Answer 11

Involves more intricate movements using small muscle groups

Involve accuracy and emphasises hand/eye coordination

Question 12

Give an example of a gross skill

Answer 12

Cycling

Question 13

Give an example of a fine skill

Answer 13

Darts

Question 14

What is the continua for continuity?

Answer 14

Discrete—–serial—–continuous

Question 15

What is a discrete skill?

Answer 15

Have a clue beginning and end
Repeatable, but must stop and start
Single, specific skills

Question 16

What are serial skills?

Answer 16

Movement skills that have a number of discrete elements put together in a definite order to make a movement or sequence

Question 17

What is a continuous skill?

Answer 17

Movement skills with no clear beginning or end
End of one cycle of movement is the beginning of the next
Involves repetition of the same movement to make sense

Question 18

Give an example of a discrete skill

Answer 18

Throwing a ball in cricket
Goal kick in football
Golf drive

Question 19

Example of a serial skill

Answer 19

Gymnastics floor routine

Triple jump in athletics

Question 20

Give an example of a continuous skill

Answer 20

Cycling
Running
Swimming
Rowing

Question 21

What is the continua for pacing?

Answer 21

Self-paced——–> eternally paced

Question 22

What is self internally paced?

Answer 22

Performer decides when the movement starts and the rate it proceeds

Question 23

What is externally paced?

Answer 23

The control of the movement skill is not determined by the performer, but by the environment
In many cases, this involves opponents to whom the performer has to react

Question 24

Give an example of self internally paced

Answer 24

Normally a closed skill

Throwing a ball

Question 25

Give an example of externally paced

Answer 25

Normally open skills | Catching a ball

Question 26

What is the continua for difficulty?

Answer 26

Simple-----> complex

Question 27

What are the characteristics of a simple skill?

Answer 27

Have few decisions Require little processing of information (perpetual load) Small number of subroutines, the speed/timing not critical One of few stimuli to process

Question 28

Give an example of a simple skill

Answer 28

Swimming Rowing Cycling Cross country running

Question 29

What are the characteristics of a complex skill?

Answer 29

``` Involve lots of decision making Require much processing of information Might include links between each part of the skill Can be serial Speed/timing critical ```

Question 30

Give an example of a complex skill

Answer 30

Drinking in football- how hard/soft, team mate position, opponents Passing a basketball Golf fairway shot

Question 31

What is the continua for organisation?

Answer 31

Low-------->high

Question 32

What are the characteristics of a low organisation/incoherent skill?

Answer 32

Made up of sub-routines that can be easily separated and practiced by themselves Having been practiced separately the sub routines can be put back together into the whole skill quite easily

Question 33

Give an example of a low organisation skill

Answer 33

Swimming- float

Question 34

What are the characteristics of a highly organised/coherent skill?

Answer 34

Not adult broken down into subroutines Difficult to separate sub routines without disrupting the skills Usually practiced as a whole

Question 35

Give an example of a high organisation skill

Answer 35

Forward role

Question 36

Task analysis for a golf shot

Answer 36

``` Muscular evolvement: gross Environmental influences: wind Continuity: discrete/ serial Pacing: self paced Difficulty: complex Organisation: low ```

Question 37

What is a skill?

Answer 37

The learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with maximum certainty, often with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both