Classification Processes (U3, T1)

Question 1

Name the six kingdoms of living organisms

Answer 1

animals, plants, bacteria, protists, fungi, archaea

Question 2

List the five levels of classification

Answer 2

Kingdom, class, order, genus, species

Question 3

What is an r-selected species?

Answer 3

a species that produces many young, with a short gestation, little parental involvement and a short time to sexual maturity

Question 4

What is a K-selected species?

Answer 4

a species with typically long gestation periods, give birth to few offspring, invest time and resources into raising their children, and sexual maturity is reached after a long period of time

Question 5

Example of r-selected species

Answer 5

Mice, frogs, insects

Question 6

Example of K-selected species

Answer 6

elephants, humans, cats,

Question 7

What is RNA processing?

Answer 7

exons are cut out of the pre-mRNA. then a methyl group is added to the 5’ end and a poly-A group is added to the 3’ end

Question 8

Define translation

Answer 8

tRNA molecules carrying specific amino acid sequences pair with complimentary mRNA molecules - linking their amino acids together to form a polypeptide

Question 9

Where does translation occur?

Answer 9

at a ribosome

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE: biological classification is most often based on physical features, reproductive strategies and molecular sequences

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

What is a clade?

Answer 11

a clade is a group of taxa and phylogenetic diagram that which represents all the evolutionary decedents of a common ancestor

Question 12

Define a monophyletic group

Answer 12

a group of organisms whose similarities result from being descended from a common ancestor

Question 13

Define a paraphyletic group

Answer 13

a group which contains the group’s common ancestor and some of its decedents

Question 14

Define a polyphyletic group

Answer 14

a group composed of a collection of organisms where their common ancestor is NOT included

Question 15

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 15

a polymer made of a long chain of amino acids (monomers)

Question 16

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 16

a protein found within red blood cells that carries oxygen

Question 17

What is a species?

Answer 17

a biological species is a group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

Question 18

Define parasitism (+/- relationship)

Answer 18

a symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense and damage of the host

Question 19

Define mutualism (+/+ relationship)

Answer 19

a relationship between two species where both benefits from the relationship

Question 20

Define commensalism (+/0 relationship)

Answer 20

a relationship where one species benefits from the relationship but the other is not impacted positively or negatively. they remain neutral

Question 21

Define amensalism (-/0 relationship)

Answer 21

one species is harmed by the interaction but the other remains neutral to the interaction

Question 22

What is a disease?

Answer 22

any condition is which the normal functions of the body are impaired

Question 23

What is a pathogen?

Answer 23

any disease causing biological agents

Question 24

What is predation?

Answer 24

predation is an ecological relationship where one species kills and eats the other. an animal that eats animals, and animals that eat seeds are all predators

Question 25

What is micropredation?

Answer 25

animals which eat other species but don't kill them. eg herbivores that eat parts of plants that don't kill them

Question 26

What is the difference between microhabitats and microhabitats?

Answer 26

a microhabitat is a place that provides the general needs for a species (such as food, shelter and conditions to reproduce), whereas a microhabitat describes the small scale, immediate environment where a species lives