Classifications of IV Solutions Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the 4 Classifications of IV Solutions?
- Crystalloids
- Colloids
- Blood Products
- Lipids
WHAT CLASSIFICATION OF IV SOLUTION IS THIS?
This is most common administered and are IV fluids made of water and dissolved small molecules (like salts or sugars) that can easily pass through cell membranes.
- Types: Dextrose, Saline, Lactated Ringer’s
- Use: Fluid replacement and maintenance
- Tonicity: Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
Crystalloids
WHAT CLASSIFICATION OF IV SOLUTION IS THIS?
These are IV fluids that contain large molecules, like proteins or starches, that do not easily pass through capillary walls.
These large molecules stay in the blood vessels and pull water into the bloodstream, helping to expand blood volume.
- Examples: Dextran, Hetastarch, Plasmanate, Amino Acids
- Use: Volume expansion (contain large molecules)
Colloids
What is the most common protein in colloids?
Albumin
WHAT CLASSIFICATION OF IV SOLUTION IS THIS?
- Examples: Whole blood, PRBC (Packed Red Blood cells), Plasma, Albumin
- Use: Replace blood components
Blood Products
6 hours lang then expired na
WHAT CLASSIFICATION OF IV SOLUTION IS THIS?
- Example: Fat emulsions
- Use: Nutritional supplementation
Lipids
24 hours lang then expired na
TYPES OF CRYSTALLOIDS
Same concentration of solutes as blood plasma and same osmolarity as body fluids.
Isotonic
Give 2 examples of Isotonic Crystalloids.
- NS (Normal Saline)
- LR (Lactated Ringers)
This is the type of Isotonic solution that you can give even without Doctor’s Order.
This is mostly for Blood Transfusion.
NS (Normal Saline)
This is the type of Isotonic solution for OB (nanganganak).
LR (Lactated Ringer’s)
This is Isotonic (outside the body) and Hypotonic (inside the body).
D5W (Dextrose 5% in water)
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS (ISOTONIC)
Closely monitor patient for signs of fluid overload (hypertension of CHF) because it can cause what?
Difficulty of breathing
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS (ISOTONIC)
Don’t give ____________ if the patient blood pH exceeds 7.5 (because liver converts lactate to bicarbonate).
Lactated Ringer’s solution
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS (ISOTONIC)
Don’t give lactated ringer’s solution if the patient has _______________.
Liver disease
TYPES OF CRYSTALLOIDS
Fluid leaves the intravascular space and enters the cells and outside of the vessels. This can lead to cell swelling and burst.
Hypotonic
Lower than __________________ is Hypotonic.
0.9% NaCl
(0.45%, 0.3%)
Indications of Hypotonic Solutions.
- For pediatric patients
- Dehydration
- Promotes waste elimination by the kidneys.
Contraindications of Hypotonic Solutions.
- Neuro patients not allowed as it can cause cerebral edema.
- Not allowed for patients with brain injury
- Not allowed for stroke patients
D5W is considered what?
Hypotonic Solution
EXAMPLE ONLY!
D5W 0.3% NaCl is considered?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic + Hypotonic is Hypertonic
TYPES OF CRYSTALLOIDS
- With greater concentration of solute than plasma or osmolarity greater than body fluids.
- Can create a shift of fluids from the intracellular compartment or tissues into the blood vessels. This can lead to cell shrinking.
Hypertonic
Anything with D5 is ____________ except D5W.
This is for patients NPO (Non per orem).
Hypertonic
Hypertonic solutions are not allowed for what patients?
Diabetic Patients
What hypertonic solution is common for alcohol intoxication?
D5050
