classroom deck Flashcards

Question

Hildegard Westekamp, Kits Beach Soundwalk (1989)

Answer 1

Narrating her walk on the beach – describing in metaphorical and descriptive manner. City outside of the natural sounds. Changing volume of the soundscape as shock. Listening to tiny sounds in more detail makes city seem louder. industrial city occupying sonic landscape view alongside sound focus on natural sounds - her edit

Answer 2

notion of space and environment extending beyond one organism and one entity soundwalk exploring ecology of sound (Schafer)

Answer 3

Organisms evolve together with their non-living environment. De-centring the human. Drawing on ancient Greek myth of Gaia as personification of Earth (also word for Earth in many texts). Organisms evolve together. agency of humans and objects together

Answer 4

‘The soundscape of the world is changing.’ Noise pollution influencing soundscape. ‘we may speak of a musical composition as a soundscape, or a radio program as a soundscape or an acoustic environment as a soundscape.’ ‘A soundscape consists of events heard not objects seen.’ 'acoustic ecology'

Answer 5

Joining ‘acoustics’ and ‘epistemology’ – sound as a way of knowing. knowing through relations

Answer 6

sounds conveying information about space and place power of sound to move the body vulnerability and subjectivity in listening modes of interpreting and living in sound

Answer 7

Blanca Rego, ‘Rain…’ - recording of rain, coming in floods Cathy Lane, ‘Sweet Airs’ - from Hebrides sweet, recordings of natural soundscape and human - Scottish reading, sounds of wind and rain

Answer 8

conventional musical structure - sounds isolated and bought forwards transitions of sounds human vs birds Experience of the rainforest Bosavi in Papua New Guinea and indigenous Kaluli people that inhabit it. Sonic landscape of the rainforest and musical practices of Kaluli people.

Answer 9

gamelan and lit screen shadow puppetry multimedia traditional stories - Hindu epics performing story that had ecological themes forest setting moving puppets environmental storytelling

Answer 10

ecocritical roots in literature and forms of writing literary and cultural criticism

Answer 11

Scientific research background. Early movements in ecological science. Exploring the use of DDT and other synthetic pesticides on plants in mid-C20th. One of first major works of environmental science, and major impetus for the environmental movement. Important critique of chemical industry’s mis/disinformation campaigns. Existential political identity of America and production. Argues that without concerted effort, humans would face a ‘silent spring’ (i.e a spring where no birds sing). Broadly: questioning of narrative of scientific progress.

Answer 12

Environmental studies plus music/sound studies equal ecomusicology. Field rather than discipline – multiple ways of looking at it. Prevention of disciplinary boundaries.

Answer 13

music/sound have no given value, but rather that value is constructed historically distinction between nature and culture bringing together ecocriticism and all of music studies the meaning of sound depends on animal that produces and animal that hears.

Answer 14

folk tradition in English Edwardian folk revival as narrower idea of what constituted folk music pastoral idealized escape nostalgia in English culture Marxist critique of English folk music 'simple' and 'complex' pastoral radical nostalgia in English folk song - attachment to place, political dimension in resistance to development

Answer 15

explores current ecomusicological scholarship in the context of writings about nineteenth century Italian opera. Allen reveals how the focus of Italian musical periodicals at this time on opera also showed interest in writings on the connections between music, culture and nature. He argues that these authors can be traced to be the beginnings of an early ecomusicological community that have contributed to current scholarship.

Answer 16

Sound in any form shared by many disciplines. Anthropocene reflecting shift that is audible at both local and global extents. ‘Sound represents a possible boundary object across disciplines’. Boundary object as idea, object, product or tool enabling communication between disciplines. of ecocriticism, ecology and music to birdsong - Avian Telemetry as transdisciplinary composition (Burtner, 2018)

Answer 17

Traditional ritual performance of yawulya/awelye ceremonial genre performed by women in various country-based groups in Australia. clan identity singing and dancing learning through performance and repetition paying attention and participating displaying group identity - part of ownership over land ties to place trying to continue

Answer 18

Combining successful music career with activism for the environment. Touring and Top 40 hit, music reached beyond activist audiences. Each tour bringing awareness to environmental issue. Hit song ‘Cows with Guns’ Performing in environmentally threated sites that others avoid.

Answer 19

Thinking in music and musicology. Differentiating the academic field and what has been done in practice.

Answer 20

Different sounds standing out. Soundscape not neutral. Value laden hierarchy. Wind amplified and creating other sounds.

Answer 21

Partly coining term musicology. Music and science. Evolutionary language to describe music. organicism in writings

Answer 22

French song and French melody - Debussy, Faure, Ravel. Vivaldi – Flute Concerto ‘Il Gardino’ - Mimicking bird sound. Handel’s Giulio Cesare - Act II. No.18 Aria. Text informing music. Messiaen bird song- Ouisseau Recording and transcribing birdsong and compose off it. Smetana Vltava

Answer 23

Lots of different styles. Spoken word. Cyclical quality to use of voices and technology. Instrumental and choral sections. Popular styles and jazz examples.

Answer 24

Environment metaphor intersections with ecocritical attention to music fan dying in the heat at Rio Stadium 2023 her shows boosting communities such as Thailand private jet flying

Answer 25

harm to the climate affects people around the world in varying manners class divide, north/south divide, land distribution etc the most vulnerable are those the contribute the least and are impacted the most

Answer 26

300 Black, Native, Pacific Islander, Asian American and other minority activists gathered in Washinigton to discuss environmental injustices for the first time. Discussed issues such as: Black communities forced to relocate due to high pollution. Farmworkers forced to live in home on chemical dump sites. Indigenous groups fighting against mining and nuclear testing.

Answer 27

Europe built on unquestioned myths such as universal human experience. problems with incompatible time scales - history of the Earth, history of human evolution, history of industrial civilisation Anthropogenic explanations of climate change spell collapse of humanist distinction between natural and human history. the idea of the 'rifts' in discussions of climate change - dissonances or tensions such as regimes of probability in everyday lives, divided human lives putting the human first and making room for the non-human at the forefront need to imagine humans in harmony with other species humans exploiting world around them magnified by capitalism

Answer 28

level of crisis and demand not experiencing the level of time that the environment will - thinking about temporal notions through music such as Cage's 'As Slow as Possible' music as cultural practice materiality and consumption

Answer 29

music descentering human to link into aesthetics of the Earth Examining how literary texts, visual arts and cultural productions represent the natural world and human interactions. Not depicting landscapes but also conveying complex ecological relationships and environmental histories. Interconnectedness of human and non-human worlds. Agency and significance of the non-human. Cultural representations reflecting unequal access to resources, environmental degradation and struggles for sustainability. political ecology to connect with aesthetics of the earth Environment as nonhuman witness to violence of colonialism

Answer 30

More than human relationality. The Earth is not just a human based network. Inclusion of non-human sources. Human construction of what the non-human is thinking? Beaty of nature in the wake of colonial violence. Attention towards beauty of the Earth. De-centring human experience.

Answer 31

Aesthetics of the Earth lamenting desolation and loss of vibrance through loss of soundscape? attention to natural imagery obscuring colonial past Doesn’t accept pain and cruelty of nature that don’t align with human values. Moral standards we have that we may subconsciously apply to the aesthetics of the earth.

Answer 32

Inventing an aesthetics of the earth as a call for a more-than-human relational ethics. Co-composition with the earth COVID pandemic limiting space movement a premium on existence pushing past static notions of the human and resituating in evolution

Answer 33

cousin to aesthetics of the earth intrication of social, conceptual/psychic/subjective and envrionmental to escape crisis on an era and reinvent envrionment

Answer 34

1st floor Tibetan bowls playing by itself for many years to come the continuation of sound in space

Answer 35

roots and dynamics of climate change rooted not just in capitalism but colonialism colonialism linked to extraction and extermination for Indigenous communities the earth is alive music carrying cultural memory

Answer 36

unification of human community cultures placing weight on unification of human and the environment social connections to ancestral lands

Answer 37

Inuk throat singing highly personlised solo style 2004 Bjork 'Ancestors' 2006 collaborations with Kronos Quartet 2014 Polaris Prize gala performance took the stage in red, wrists bound in traditional seal-skin cuffs. Focused attention on missing and murdered indigenous women against PETA for their animal rights on seals - part of Indigenous culture and practice Throat singing (Katajjaq) as cultural and aural link between place and tradition, repertory of sounds evoking culture and soundscape.

Answer 38

representation of the real world in art

Answer 39

First nation members electronic music, hip-hop, reggae, dubstep influence starts to celebrate their community and ended up becoming political

Answer 40

blending electronics with First Nations music, particularly chanting and drumming drum representing heart beat of Mother Earth creation of electric powwow as genre and bringing to clubs powwow powwow as gathering with dances held by many Native American and First Nations communities

Answer 41

2016 protesters against Dakota Access Pipeline standing with Indigenous people music video generating attention Dakota pipeline transporting crude oil, invasion of sace using force and violence violated land treaty by building damaging water supply and sacred land still in use - under review

Answer 42

as another protest song about lack of clean water and assault from the police on unarmed standing rock community plays phone call to police about assault of the police on community 'if the Earth is not your mother are you from Mars?'

Answer 43

contemporary choral music including part sounding like Inuit throat singing. Tanya Tagaq called it appropriation. Shaw wrote in collaboration with indigenous teachers and singers learnt technique

Answer 44

practice of documenting Native American music and culture by Anthropologists in 19th century

Answer 45

naturalistic and industrial in musical and visual elements throat singing and other practices performativity in movement and costume Female Indigenous body as microcosm of land - exploited and abused 'our mother grows angry, retribution will be swift' environmental violence and violence on Indigenous culture

Answer 46

Inuk throat singer using live performance and audiovisuals to engage themes of climate change and voice environmental violence. Diversifies the discourse of environmentalism to include voices and trauma experienced by marginalised people. Tagaq demands that we listen beyond the human. Focused attention on missing and murdered indigenous women Highlighting Indigenous timescales in relation to the environment. ‘improvised from a personal sound archive of sonic markers of place.’ Retribution as concept album of slow toxic environmental violence – erasure of Indigenous consent and resulting cultural and environmental violence

Answer 47

Ecomusicology field as homogenous and exclusionary and needs engagement with how soundscapes and environments are heard by different communities. Anthropocene complex and fraught term among Indigenous people – factors that define it are settler-colonial focused.

Answer 48

Columbian Exchange at 1610 Orbis Spike implies that colonialism, global trade and coal bought about the Anthropocene.

Answer 49

settler colonialism - going beyond travelling and taking song and belonging to place musical distribution of information mediations on places oral literature (orature) not listening through whiteness listening as act of 'entering into a sound territory' difference in conceptions of song reclaiming through a hunger for tradition listening in redress - appreciating Indigenous sound Art music that includes Indigenous performers – inclusion to redress history of appropriation but doesn’t always address structural inequalities or politics of aesthetic. Decolonising music studies by examining listener privilege in settler colonial listening positionality.

Answer 50

inabiliy to refusal to hear Gitsan song as Indigenous legal order that Gitsan people understand it to be

Answer 51

Spokane people with river as a sacred place and part of sacred continuum that connects Spokane to unseen worlds. Columbia River as a source of life, mobility and sustenance for tripes and an object of colonial violence through dams salmon circumventing the dams - songs don't come the way they used to, like the salmon Woody Guthrie - leftist singer that made song celebrating white history in the land and bigging up dams. 'Roll on Columbia, Roll on' (1941)

Answer 52

Inuit throat singing as woman's genre. Sound Relations of Inuit musical life in Alaska to amplify significance of sound as integral to self-determination. Listening closely to density of Inuit musical life Inuit performing arts processes demonstrating relationships between human and more than human sound as extraction

Answer 53

from reading by Perea Juxtaposition of a hip hop flash mob with Inuit motion dancing. Mixing aural and visual tropes of place, time, genre and technology pizza box turntables flashmob outside Inuit throat singing sounds remixed

Answer 54

Thinking about the history of the problem to improve critique on plantationocene due to lack of engagement with embodied politics of the plantation such as race and gender. Demanding attention for blackness Ethico-political vision that addresses multiple global crises of the plantation.

Answer 55

Woods - permutations of the plantation characterize contrasting zones such as enclosures and reserves. McKittrick emphasises placelessness that formed the foundation of the plantation hierarchy and dynamics

Answer 56

Connection between lungs and the weather - breathing free air for slaves. Who has access to freedom and who can breathe freely weather as inescapable

Answer 57

Notion of human connected across species. emphasises co-creation speculative framework imagining alternative ways of relating Earth and inhabitants challlenges anthropocentric vies inclusive understanding and responsibility 'making kin' and connection across species

Answer 58

Yoruba popular music and engagement with the environment Ethnographic investigation of place of music in Ibadan flood disaster. indigenous knowledge respected in the past Connections between cultural past and present Yemoja goddess of rivers with festival appealing to her for loss of indigenous knowledge music for connection

Answer 59

orchestra with instruments made from recycled materials music from landfill recycled orchestra Paraguy 'the world sends us garbage, we send back music' - director

Answer 60

19th century Columbian listening practices travels to Latin America as natural scientist writes about the vocalisations of Boga boatmen on the river larger sonic scene around the river for Humboldt the songs are noise music defined in the context of non-musical vocalization

Answer 61

exporting materials from elsewhere and then re-importing organs as colonial instruments installation across the world spread of ABRSM operas houses

Answer 62

paying attention to principles of action linking environment to culture musicology without music thinking beyond music physical consumption of materials vinyl lasting longer socially than physically vinyl revival bringing back production music cultural commodity and cultural industry 'the digitization of music is not the dematerialization of music.'

Answer 63

nuclear silences as part of global nuclear contexts hiding of information and entangled entities Marshall islands and throat as holding the soul - voice and composition

Answer 64

original archive is the earth itself humans generating own extinction Earth containing sound and teaching how to listen

Answer 65

Interplay (or lack) between instruments. Hearing the bodies in the music. Two musicians. Mostly a duet between tenor sax and drums. Expansiveness. Breaking free of gravity. Album released posthumously. Things to do with out of space and also with Coltrane’s own practice at this time. Rashied Ali – drums moving time and space forwards. Listening beyond the realms of the earth before people were theorizing it. Named by Alice Coltrane? Interstellar Space (album). Listening beyond domains of earth.

Answer 66

geomusicology? cyroacoustics and listening to ice to understanding the earth gas bubbles making sound searching for oil with sound waves - using sound for destruction trips to see glaciers collapse? the study of the sounds produced by ice, particularly in glacial and polar environments.

Answer 67

lac and shellac as visual media in India - decorate body materials imported sonic moment in its history plastic century and synthetic elements 'colonial unconscious' in transnational recording industry - labor of shellac production

Answer 68

mica stone used as electrical insulator gramophones electronically reproduced music barely acknowledged mica music made possible through infrastructures and part that support welfare and imperialism connected worlds of music, work, technology and war

Answer 69

Music and digital media, thinking globally. Planetary as virtual – shared spaces that are not physical. Entanglements between music and the digital. MusDig: relational musicology + post-positivist empiricism. Connecting relational musicology and the digital.

Answer 70

Alien Listening zooming out and de-centering the whole world to get away from the human dot blinking as representation of human notions of music theory - getting away from this. without dot no space but dot creating space

Answer 71

Sun Ra, Space is the Place. Afrofuturists have long speculated about how what musical encounters in space might be (as Utopian possibility?) BUT cultural difference is always central to (and extant prior to) that encounter. Muslim Futurism. Jinns playing music. Jinns, angels. Creation and destruction of universe through sound.

Answer 72

noise and musical disruption human-made sound with the intent to disrupt application of music and sound to an aesthetics of the earth

Answer 73

soundtrack to our planet? only human voice is Attenborough, soft string music for an aestheticized view of the Earth and mimicry of natural landscape

Answer 74

voice prevalent over other sonic elements normally ascribed to human language, meaning and words nature does not have challenging conceptions of the voice through aesthetics of the Earth

Answer 75

Removed lyrics and replaced with didgeridoo solo? Multi-lingual song ‘A political’ because got rid of English lyrics. Band bringing music stories and issues to the world in response to a promised treaty over Indigenous land that never materialised Australian Aboriginal group members 'this land was never given, this land was never bought and sold' 'treaty yeh, treaty now'

Answer 76

Delgamuukw v. the Queen (1985), a land claim trial in which Gitxsan and Wet’suwet’en sought jurisdiction over their territories in northern British Columbia, Canada. Oral history important. Contested inclusion of song in the court proceedings. Judge refused to acknowledge legitimacy.

Answer 77

a non-human reception of music

Answer 78

creative aid? music and the human playing with sound power to replicate and appropriate human voices machine as extension of the human power of AI to aid green technologies but is steeped in capitalist ventures (capitalocene, Moore, 2015) AI not creating the same emotional response as humans within listeners - the more human appearing the better (Sun et al, 2023)

Answer 79

gigs creating waste touring carbon footprint Green (2023) - bushfires in Australia and extreme weather impacting music events

Answer 80

processing power required for streaming services

Answer 81

Music Declares Emergency Collective - recovery from COVID as more green European Independent Music Companies Association - installing renewable energy systems in London headquarters and encouraging pressing plants to switch to green

Answer 82

'Turn up the Volume' survey 2184 adults polled shows music fans expect more from the music industry 82% of music fans concerned about climate change compared to 72% non-music fans. Music fans more likely to place priority on efforts to tackle climate change.

Answer 83

production and consumption of music means we are always interacting with broader social structures and material infrastructures and environmental impacts A world where music does not have an environmental impact is a world without music live music ecology - ecological approach to live music emphasising different aspects of production waste in material elements instrument manufacturing and materiality

Answer 84

recorded sound participated in and helped define a ‘throwaway culture’ shellac at the core popular music playing with materialities waste and capitalism Production and consumption of popular music wasteful since the inception of the recording industry. solutions would involve remodelling Western societies

Answer 85

Music and ecology working on several temporal scales. Climate change music attempts to capture the multiply directed characteristics of environmental time.

Answer 86

score for snow and bells offers the performer and lister a way to connect environmental change and music through the intricate performance of music snow. Playing glockenspiel and snow at the same time. Snow amplified by microphone.

Answer 87

musicians play tubs of water containing ice microphones in air, water and frozen capture vibrations

Answer 88

BBC stated the band will likely take international flights for their tour despite the climate change pledge in this song. Song weaponises the systems within which the band exist. Gets the message out to a wide audience. Thunberg talking against musical background that promotes ideas of aesthetics of the earth 'its time to rebel' foregrounds lyrics promoting change - facts used (1.5 degrees)

Answer 89

ecological approach to perception - relationship between perceivers and their environments and perception and action perceiving as a result of action and action due to perception different perceptual capacities based on knowledge emphasis on consideration of context in which music is perceived and understood

Answer 90

perception related to opportunities for action that the environment provides link between relationship of organisms to their envrionment applied to way in which humans perceive their environment and how this sparks action - historically West seen it as something to take from but Indigenous work with?

Answer 91

prioritisation of spoken language

Answer 92

branch of philosophy that studies existence - what entities exist and how they are grouped, how they relate to each other what it means to exist

Answer 93

challenging anthropocentric perspectives through de-centering the human and emphasising interconnectedness

Answer 94

belief that humans are fundamentally different to other forms of life where does AI fit with this? idea that it is human made but not quite human, taking over with near-human forms AI as threat to the environment and threat to human

Answer 95

commercial AI music making creating biggest issues relating to consumerism and commodification - deals between music and IT (Microsoft and Open AI) 1. creating musician redundancy - Spotify 'fake artists scandal' and the production of platform owned music and playlists 2. AI music extracting knowledge and material from existing music exploiting the cultural capital of individuals in digital colonialism (Mejias, 2019, Taiuro, 2020) dataveillance (Drott,. 2020) and analysing user data to commodify personal information and human behaviour

Answer 96

'the study of music, culture, sound and nature in a period of environmental crisis'

Answer 97

''ecocritical musicology' and the study of music, nature and culture in all the complexities of those terms''

Answer 98

'critical reflection upon music and sound, set against the backdrop of this epochal environmental crisis'

classroom deck Flashcards

(122 cards)