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English language - paper 1 > CLD > Flashcards

CLD Flashcards

1
Q

who created the nativist theory

A

noam Chomsky

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2
Q

what did Chomsky say we are born with

A

innate ability to learn language

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3
Q

what was the device we are born with - Noam Chomsky

A

LAD- language acquisition device

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4
Q

what do we have to do in order to develop our language - Noam Chomsky

A

learn vocabulary and apply structures to form sentences

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5
Q

why could children not learn language from imitation of adults - Noam Chomsky

A

adult language is highly irregular

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6
Q

does Noam Chomsky’s nativist theory apply to only English

A

no all languages

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7
Q

who created the behaviourist theory

A

B.F Skinner

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8
Q

what did B.F Skinner say about language

A

language can be observed and measured

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9
Q

what is language a response to - B.F Skinner

A

stimuli

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10
Q

what are children conditioned by - B.F Skinner

A

the environment

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11
Q

what do children receive when they develop language -B.F Skinner

A

positive reinforcements

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12
Q

what was Tomasello’s theory into

A

development in infants capacities

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13
Q

what do capacities lead to - Tomasello

A

children becoming full participants in the social use of language

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14
Q

is children language a physical adaptation - Tomasello’s

A

no

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15
Q

what is developed through interaction with speakers - Tomasello

A

cognitive skills

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16
Q

are we born with these cognitive abilities

A

yes

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17
Q

what do we have to help development

A

interpersonal abilities

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18
Q

who created the FIS phenomenon

A

berko and brown

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19
Q

when was berko and brown’s study

A

1960

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20
Q

what phoneme do berko and brown analyse

A

/sh/

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21
Q

who have the least phonetic rules - berko and brown

A

children

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22
Q

what did berko and brown say about phoneme’s

A

children can produce more phonemes than they can understand

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23
Q

when was Nelson’s study

A

1973

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24
Q

what were the most common word types in Nelson’s study

A

classes of objects
specific objects
actions
modifying things
social

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25
Q

what did the words most common in Nelson’s study do

A

describe something we can touch

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26
Q

when was Bruner’s study

A

1983

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27
Q

what is needed in Bruner’s study

A

interaction with caregivers

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28
Q

what is the abbreviation for caregivers supporting development in Bruner’s study

A

LASS - language acquisition support system

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29
Q

what was noted between adults and children in Bruner’s study

A

clear patterns of interaction

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30
Q

what did children asking questions do in Bruner’s study

A

they show evidence of successful linguistic support

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31
Q

who had a study with scaffolding

A

Vygotsky

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32
Q

what is a more knowledgeable other - Vygotsky

A

someone with more linguistic experience and ability

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33
Q

what can more knowledgable other’s do for children

A

help students learn content they wouldn’t be able to on their own

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34
Q

when was Jean Chall’s study

A

1983

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35
Q

what is stage 0 of Jean Chall’s model called

A

pre- reading / pseudo reading

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36
Q

what is found in Jean Chall’s psuedoreading stage (up to age 6)

A

pretending to read
repeat stories already read to them
can name letters and spell their name

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37
Q

what is stage 1 of Jean Chall’s model called

A

initial reading and decoding

38
Q

what is found in Jean Chall’s initial reading stage stage (ages 6-7)

A

learn relationships between sounds
can read short texts

39
Q

what is stage 2 of Jean Chall’s model called

A

confirmation and fluency

40
Q

what is found in Jean Chall’s confirmation and fluency stage (ages 7-8)

A

increase reading and vocabulary
understand 9,000 spoken
understand 3,000 written

41
Q

what is stage 3 of Jean Chall’s model called

A

reading for learning

42
Q

what is found in Jean Chall’s reading for learning stage (ages 9-14)

A

read to gain knowledge
pursue interests
magazines, newspapers etc

43
Q

what is stage 4 of jean chall’s model called

A

multiplicity and complexity

44
Q

what is found in Jean Chall’s multiplicity and complexity stage (ages 14-17)

A

complex and varied material understood

45
Q

what is stage 5 of Jean Chall’s model called

A

construction and reconstruction

46
Q

what is found in Jean Chall’s construction and reconstruction stage (ages 18+)

A

confident readers
read a diverse range of materials
understand practical and recreational benefits of reading

47
Q

what is stage 1 of Kroll’s model called

A

preparatory

48
Q

what is found in Kroll’s preparatory stage

A

mastery of basic motor skills
learns basic principles of spelling system

49
Q

what is stage 2 of Kroll’s model called

A

consolidation stage

50
Q

what is found in Kroll’s consolidation stage (up to age 6)

A

write the same way as they speak
short declaratives
conjunctions
incomplete sentences

51
Q

what is stage 3 of Kroll’s model called

A

differentiation

52
Q

what is found in Kroll’s differentiation stage (up to age 9)

A

recognises different writing styles
lots of mistakes
writing guides
difference between speech and writing

53
Q

what is stage 4 of Kroll’s model called

A

integration

54
Q

what is found in Kroll’s integration stage (up to age 12+)

A

develop a personal style
comprehends that you can change style to suit differing audiences

55
Q

what is stage 1 of Gentry’s model called

A

pre-communicative

56
Q

what is found in Gentry’s pre-communicative stage

A

random letters and syllables appear with no letter to sound connection

57
Q

what is stage 2 of Gentry’s model called

A

semi-phonetic

58
Q

what is found in Gentry’s semi-phonetic stage

A

letters used to represent whole words
left to right
some letter to sound connection

59
Q

what is stage 3 of Gentry’s model called

A

phonetic

60
Q

what is found in Gentry’s phonetic stage

A

spelling based on sound like ‘preshus’

61
Q

what is stage 4 of Gentry’s model called

A

transitional stage

62
Q

what is found in Gentry’s transitional stage

A

combine phonetic approaches and visual approaches
silent letters begin to be acknowledged

63
Q

what is stage 5 of Gentry’s model called

A

conventional stage

64
Q

what is found in Gentry’s conventional stage

A

difficult spellings begin to be learned
homophones are known

65
Q

name all 4 of Piaget’s stages

A

sensory motor stage
pre-operational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage

66
Q

what is found in the sensory motor stage of Piaget’s model (birth to 2 years)

A

develop object permanence
knowledge gained through sensory processes

67
Q

what is found in the pre-operational stage of Piaget’s model (2-7 years)

A

emergence of language
become skilled at pretend play
remain ego-centric
struggle to consider other points of view

68
Q

what is found in the concrete operational stage of Piaget’s model (ages 7-12)

A

loss of ego-centricism
logical thinking about concrete events
understand thoughts are unique to them

69
Q

what is found in the formal operational stage of Piaget’s model (12+ years)

A

abstract thought emerges
ability to plan and reason about hypothetical situations are seen

70
Q

name Hallidays 7 functions of language

A

instrumental
regulatory
interactional
personal
heuristic
imaginative
representational

71
Q

when was Hallidays study

A

1975

72
Q

give an example of instrumental language

A

toilet

73
Q

give an example of regulatory language

A

nt your teddy

74
Q

give an example of interactional language

A

nice mummy

75
Q

give an example of personal language

A

bad kitty

76
Q

give an example of heuristic language

A

what’s that

77
Q

give an example of imaginative language

A

story telling

78
Q

give an example of representational language

A

I’m free

79
Q

what is over-extension

A

a child using a word in a more broad sense

80
Q

what is under-extension

A

a child using a word more narrowly than an adult would

81
Q

when is the holophrastic stage

A

ages 12 to 18 months

82
Q

what is the holophrastic stage

A

producing single word utterances
intonation is key

83
Q

when is the two word stage

A

ages 18-24 months

84
Q

what is the two word stage

A

using two words to form a sentence
‘baby chair’

85
Q

when is the telegraphic stage

A

ages 2-3

86
Q

what is the telegraphic stage

A

start to use multiple word utterances
likely to retain content words
overgeneralisation

87
Q

what is the pre-verbal stage

A

can’t speak but are making noises

88
Q

what is the lexical and grammatical stage

A

being able to use the noises to convey meaning

89
Q

what is the onset of a word

A

the initial syllable

90
Q

what is the rime of a word

A

what follows the onset

91
Q

what are the 3 teaching methods for reading

A

analytical phonics
synthetic phonics
look and say approach

English language - paper 1 (1 decks)

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