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Registered Environmental Manager > Clean Air Act > Flashcards

Clean Air Act Flashcards

1
Q

Law to ensure that the public health and the environment is not harmed by hazardous pollutants that can be found in outdoor air.

A

Clean Air Act (CAA)

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2
Q

How many hazardous pollutants is identified under the CAA?

A

188

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3
Q

Where can the Clean Air Act be found?

A
  • US Code 42 Chapter 85
  • 40 CFR Subchapter C Parts 50-99
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4
Q

Four primary sources of Air Pollution

A
  1. Point Sources
  2. Mobile Sources
  3. Biogenic Sources
  4. Area Sources
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5
Q

_____ sources is specific, stationary, identificable location. Ex. manufacturing facility or refinery

A

Point

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6
Q

_____ sources can move from one place to another. Ex. automobiles, planes

A

Mobile

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7
Q

_____ sources are naturally occurring sources of pollutants. Ex. methane production by cattles, hydrocarbon emissions by trees

A

Biogenic

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8
Q

______ sources are small and stationary, but refers to a grouping of smaller sources that can be a significant source of pollution as a whole. Ex. combined amount of all dry cleaners in a city emmiting VOCs

A

Area

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9
Q

A stationary source emitting 100 tons or greater per year of regulated pollutant is a?

A

Major Source

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10
Q

The means by which each state enforces the NAAQS of the Clean Air Act

A

State Implementation Plans (SIPs)

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11
Q

Any source that is regulated by the CAA must obtain a _____ for operations.

A

Permit

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12
Q

How many Titles does the CAA have?

A

6

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13
Q

How many criteria air pollutants are there under the NAAQS?

A

6

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14
Q

Primary standards safeguard what?

A

Human Health (ex. protection of asmathics, elderly, children)

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15
Q

Secondary standards safeguard what?

A

Public Welfare (Ex. protection against decreased visibility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, etc.)

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16
Q

A region that meets all NAAQS is identified as an?

A

Attainment Area

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17
Q

A region that does not meet primary and secondary NAAQS is identified as?

A

Nonattainment Area

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18
Q

A region with insufficient air quality data to determine the status is identified as?

A

Unclassifiable

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19
Q

What are pollutants that can form another pollutant in the atmosphere?

A

Precursor Pollutants

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20
Q

What permit is required for new construction and major modifications to an existing source?

A

New Source Review permit

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21
Q

What are the three types of NSR permits?

A
  1. Prevention of Significant Deterioration permit (PSD)
  2. Nonattainment NSR permit
  3. Minor source permits
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22
Q

What NSR permit is required for new major sources or a major source making a major modification in areas that meet NAAQS?

A

Prevention of Significant Deterioration permit (PSD)

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23
Q

What rule ensures that federal agencies comply with the NAAQS and support the state air SIP?

A

Federal General Conformity Rule

24
Q

What rule ensures that federal funding and approval are given to highway and transit projects that conform to the air quality goals established by a state air SIP?

A

Transportation Conformity Rule

25
Q

What may be imposed if a state fails to submit or implement an adequate SIP?

A

Federal Implementation Plan (FIP)

26
Q

What are SIP Control Measures?

A

Control measures are actions that need to be taken to limit the amount of pollution emitted from sources. They are required by laws and can require changes in equipment or operating procedures.

27
Q

What is the national primary standards for Carbon Monoxide?

A

9 ppm (8hr average concentration)

35 ppm (1hr average concentration)

**neither of these standards may be exceeded more than once in a year

28
Q

Title I of the CAA?

A

Air Pollution Prevention and Control

29
Q

Title II of the CAA?

A

Emissions Standards for Moving Sources

30
Q

Title III of the CAA?

A

General

31
Q

Title IV of the CAA?

A

Noise Pollution

Title IV-A: Acid Deposition Control

32
Q

Title V of the CAA?

A

Permits

33
Q

Title VI of the CAA?

A

Stratospheric Ozone Protection

34
Q

What designation for an area is on a pollutant by pollutant basis?

A

Nonattainment

35
Q

What are the 2 SIP Control Measures?

A

RACM (Reasonably Available Control Measure)

BACM (Best Available Control Measure)

36
Q

These measures are actions taken by sources to lower emissions down to an allowable amount as mandated by the area’s SIP. It is a giant menu of control measures a state can consider when compiling a SIP for an area.

They can apply to minor or fugitive sources of a pollutant.

A

Reasonably Available Control Measures

37
Q

_______ is required on existing major stationary sources in nonattainment areas after consideration of its feasibility. Usually a physical technology that a source can install on the emitting equipment in order to bring the area back into attainment.

A

RACT (Reasonably Available Control Technology)

38
Q

These are generally used when an area cannot attain the standards by only implementing RACM. It is one step up from RACM.

It can also be implemented on new sources located in attainment areas in order to preserve the good air quality.

A

BACM (Best Available Control Measures)

39
Q

_______ is an emissions limitation based on the reduction of each potentially emitted pollutant from any proposed major stationary source or modification. It is stronger than RACT and is designed for new or modified major sources in an attainment area.

A

BACT (Best Available Control Technology)

40
Q

The most stringent standard.

This is the lowest possible emissions threshold for a new or modified major source in a nonattainment area

A

LAER (Lowest Achievable Emission Rate)

41
Q

A public-friendly way of using actual monitoring data to help assess how clean the air is. It is an index that runs fro 0-500 re reporting daily air quality.

A

Air Quality Index (AQI)

42
Q

The EPA calculates the AQI for which 5 major air pollutants?

A

Ground Level Ozone
Particle Pollution (aka Particulate Matter)
Carbon Monoxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide

43
Q

What section of the CAA Amendments of 1990 established programs for protecting public health and the environment from exposire to toxic air pollutants?

A

Section 112

44
Q

4 Major Provisions of Section 112 of the CAA Amendments of 1990?

A
  1. Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
  2. Health based standards
  3. standards for stationary “area sources” (NESHAP)
  4. Requirements for the prevention of catastrophic releases
45
Q

What do you call the stationary source standards for HAPs?

A

National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

46
Q

Examples of NESHAPs?

A

-Dry Cleaning
-Asbestos
-Hazardous Waste Combustors
-Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

47
Q

What establishes maximum emission levels for new major stationary sources?

A

New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)

48
Q

How many New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) are there?

A

90

49
Q

What program reflects the principle that areas where air quality is better than that required by NAAQS should be protected from significant new air pollution even if NAAQS would not be violated?

A

Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)

50
Q

Class I PSD include?

A

-International and national parks, wilderness, and other pristine areas.

-Allowable increments of new pollution are very small

51
Q

Class II PSD include?

A

-All attainment and not classifiable areas, not designed as Class I

-Allowable increments of new pollution are modest

52
Q

Class III PSD include?

A

-Selected areas that states may designate for development

-Allowable increments of new pollution are large (but not exceeding NAAQS)

53
Q

The Acid Deposition Control Program (Title IV) applies to which pollutants?

A

SO2 and NOx

54
Q

Which Title of the CAA requires states to administer a comprehensive permit program for the operation of sources emitting air pollutants?

A

Title V (Permits)

55
Q

What sources are subject to permit requirements?

A

-Major sources that emit or have the potential to emit 100 tons per year of any regulated pollutant

-Stationary and area sources that emit or have the potential to emit lesser specified amounts of HAPs

-(Nonattainment areas) Sources which emit as little as 50, 25, or 10 tons per year of VOCs

56
Q

How long does a permit last before needing to be renewed?

A

5 years

57
Q

Which Title of the CAA represents the US primary response on ozone depletion issue under the Montreal Protocol?

A

Title VI (Stratospheric Ozone Protection)

Registered Environmental Manager (15 decks)

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