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Question 1

A typical shark vertebra is described as amphicelous. This term relates to which of the following characteristics?
A. Presence of intercalary plates
B. Lack of transverse processes
C. Shape of ends of centra
D. Presence of hemal arches

Answer 1

A typical shark vertebra is described as amphicelous. This term relates to which of the following characteristics?

C. Shape of ends of centra

Question 2

Which of the following conditions best describes the evolution of the centrum in later tetrapods?
A. Later tetrapod centrum was primary derived form pleurocentrum
B. Later tp centrum primarily derived form intercentrum
C. Pleurocentrum and the intercentrum
D. Unknown component other than the pleurocentrum or intercentrum

Answer 2

Which of the following conditions best describes the evolution of the centrum in later tetrapods?

A. Later tetrapod centrum was primary derived form pleurocentrum

Question 3

Which of  the following components of the amniote vertebra form the roof plate over the neural canal?
		A. Pedicles
		B. Transverse processes
		C. Laminae
                D. Zygapophyses

Answer 3

Laminae

Think Laminectomy when the surgeon cuts the bone over the spinal chord) (two cuts… one on each side

Question 4

4. Hemal arches are associated with which of the following kinds of vertebrae?
		A. Cervical
		B. Thoracic
		C. Sacral
                D. Caudal

Answer 4

Hemal arches are caudal.

D. Caudal

Question 5

5. Metamerism of the vertebral column can be attributed to the origin of the vertebral column from which of the following components of the embryonic somites?
		A. Dermatome
		B. Sclerotome
		C. Myotome
                D. Hematome

Answer 5

B. Sclerotome

Question 6

The atlas/axis complex first appears in which of the following groups of vertebrates?

	a. Placoderms
	b. Anurans
	c. Reptiles
            d. Therapsids

Answer 6

c. Reptiles

Question 7

The largest number of cervical vetebrae occur in which of the following vertebrates?

	a. Giraffes
	b. Birds
	c. Snakes
            d. Ungulates

Answer 7

b. Birds

remember he talked about the swan having 22 cervical vertebrae or something like that

Question 8

Which of the following types of vertebrae typically have articulation facets for ribs?

	a. Cervical 
	b. Sacral
	c. Lumbar
            d. Thoracic

Answer 8

d. Thoracic

Question 9

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the mammalian dens?

	a. It is a process found on the atlas
	b. It is a process embryologically derived from the atlas
	c. It is associated with the mammalian jaw articulation
             d. It is a tooth-like process associated with the secondary palate.

Answer 9

B. It is a process embryologically derived from the atlas

Question 10

Overlapping plates referred to as uncinate processes help to stabilize the ribcage in which of the following groups of vertebrates?

	a. Birds 
	b. Mammals
	c. Frogs
            d. Pelycosaurs

Answer 10

Birds!

Remember: Bucket of backs :)

Question 11

Which of the following would be representative of short bones?

	a. Phalanges
	b. Vertebrae
	c. Carpals
            d. Nasal bones

Answer 11

Carpals

Question 12

7. Which of the following would be an example of a triaxial diarthrosis?
   a. Atlas/axis complex
   b. Humero-ulnar joint
   c. Wrist Joint
   d. Glenohumeral Joint

Answer 12

D. Genohumaral Joint

shoulder… moves in all directions