climate

Question 1

weather

Answer 1

specific conditions ina specific area

Question 2

climate

Answer 2

average of weather ina specific area over the course of 30 years or more
- shows a trend

Question 3

limits of tolerance

Answer 3

environmental conditions required for the survival of living things

Question 4

optimum range

Answer 4

conditions favour survivability

Question 5

zones of stress

Answer 5

conditions are survivable but not as successful/prefered

Question 6

zones of intolerance

Answer 6

organisms cannot survive

Question 7

the sun

Answer 7

• energy travels in waves
• the source of all energy on earth

Question 8

biosphere

Answer 8

• atmosphere
• lithosphere
• hydrosphere
  thin layer of earth that can support life

Question 9

atmosphere

Answer 9

layer of gases
- exosphere
- thermosphere
- mesosphere
ozone layer
- stratosphere
- troposphere

Question 10

air

Answer 10

n2 - 78%
o2 - 21%
co2, h20, ch4, noble gases - 1%

Question 11

the hydrosphere

Answer 11

total amount of water on the planet
- solid
- liquid
- gas phases

Question 12

the lithosphere

Answer 12

solid part of the earth

Question 13

incoming solar radiation

Answer 13

solar energy is radiant energy that is transmitted as electromagnetic waves
* neglibible effect

Question 14

lines of latitude

Answer 14

• parallel to the equator
  equator: 0 degree latitude
  poles: 90 degree latitude

Question 15

insolation

Answer 15

the amount of solar energy recieved by a region

Question 16

angle of incidence

Answer 16

sun ray’s hit the earth at different angles
- this manipulates the intensity of energy
the angle at which the sun strikes the surface of the earth

Question 17

angle of inclination

Answer 17

• 23.5 degree tilt
• affects hours of sunlight a region gets

Question 18

seasons

Answer 18

• due to the earths tilt
• depend on the amount of sunlight and insolation

Question 19

solstice

Answer 19

• when the poles are tilted towards or away from the sun MOST
• longest and shortest days of the year

Question 20

equinox

Answer 20

the number of daylight and night hours are the same (12h)
march 21st and september 21st

Question 21

albedo

Answer 21

high: high reflectivity
low: low reflectivity

Question 22

net radiation budget

Answer 22

balance between incoming and outgoing energy
formula: incoming - outgoing
*entire earth should have NRB = 0

Question 23

the greenhouse effect

Answer 23

• traps reflected heat energy

Question 24

greenhouse gases

Answer 24

• methane
• carbon dioxide
• nitrous oxide
• water
• ozone
• increase temperature *

Question 25

CO2 in oceans

Answer 25

oceans become more acidic

Question 26

air convection currents

Answer 26

transfers heat by moving air or water particles from one location to another - hot to cold

Question 27

coriolis effect

Answer 27

the deflection of wind and water from a stright line path by the rotation of the earth

Question 28

jet stream

Answer 28

high speed, high altitude winds moving from west to east

Question 29

ocean convection currents

Answer 29

- NH: travels clockwise - SH: travels counter-clockwise

Question 30

heating curve of water

Answer 30

- potential energy stored during phase changes - solid --> liquid at 0 degrees - liquid --> vapour at 100 degrees

Question 31

molar mass of water

Answer 31

18.02 g/mol

Question 32

biome

Answer 32

a community of plants and animals that share common characteristics for thier environment

Question 33

boreal forest

Answer 33

-10 to 20 degrees ppt = 22 - 75 mm

Question 34

desert

Answer 34

12 to 35 degrees ppt = 3 - 30 mm

Question 35

grassland

Answer 35

7 to 22 degrees ppt = 40 - 100 mm

Question 36

temperate deciduos forest

Answer 36

7 to 25 degrees ppt = 50 - 200 mm

Question 37

tropical rainforest

Answer 37

7 to 25 degrees ppt = up to 300 mm

Question 38

tundra

Answer 38

-15 to 10 degrees ppt = 18 - 80 mm

Question 39

ice core samples

Answer 39

- how and why climate as changed

Question 40

tree ring analysis

Answer 40

- shows yearly growth

Question 41

aerosols

Answer 41

- small particles in the air that help with cloud formation and reflectivity - decrease temperature

Question 42

ozone depletion

Answer 42

increase temperature

Question 43

land use

Answer 43

decrease tempereature

Question 44

volcanic activity

Answer 44

negligible effect

Question 45

montreal protocol

Answer 45

- 197 countries - to heal the ozone layer by using HFC's instead of CFC's - 1987

Question 46

kyoto protocol

Answer 46

- 192 countries - emission reduction to reduce CO2 - 1997 but began in 2005

Question 47

paris agreement

Answer 47

- 195 countries - meeting every 5 years - keep global temp. below 2 degrees above pre-industrial levels - 2015

Question 48

european climate law

Answer 48

- environmental protection laws -1970s