Climate

Question 1

Describe a tropical equatorial climate

Answer 1

Pg 3

Question 2

Describe a tropical monsoon climate

Answer 2

Pg 3

Question 3

Describe a cool temperate climate

Answer 3

Pg 3

Question 4

How does latitude affect air temperature? Give an example.

Answer 4

Example: Beijing, China compared to Singapore

Question 5

How does altitude affect air temperature? Give an example.

Answer 5

Example: Genting Highlands

Question 6

How does distance from sea affect air temperature? (During winter and summer) Give an example.

Answer 6

Example: Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska

Question 7

How does type of surface affect air temperature? Give an example.

Answer 7

Example: Singapore’s CBD area compared to MacRitchie Reservoir

Question 8

Describe the different types of land covers.

Answer 8

1. Man-made land cover
2. Natural land cover (clayey soil)
3. Natural land cover (sandy soil)

Question 9

How does temperature affect relative humidity?

Answer 9

Lower temperature - higher relative humidity
Higher temperature - lower relative humidity

Question 10

How are clouds formed?

Answer 10

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Question 11

How is convectional rain formed? Give an example.

Answer 11

Example - frequent afternoon thunderstorms in Singapore

Question 12

How is relief rain formed? Give an example.

Answer 12

Example - Sierra Nevada Mountain Ranges, USA

Question 13

Explain sea breeze and land breeze.

Answer 13

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Question 14

Explain how southwest monsoon is formed.

Answer 14

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Question 15

Explain how northeast monsoon is formed.

Answer 15

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Question 16

What are the natural factors that cause climate change?

Answer 16

1. Changes in earth’s orbit
2. Angle of tilt
3. Occurrence of sunspots
4. Large-scale volcanic eruptions

Question 17

What are the anthropogenic factors that cause climate change? Support with examples.

Answer 17

1. Burning fossil fuels
2. Changing land use
   - deforestation
   - agriculture
   - industrialisation
   - urbanisation

Question 18

Impacts of climate change on natural systems?

Answer 18

1. Changes in temperature
2. Changes in ocean circulation
3. Changes to precipitation on land

Question 19

Impacts of climate change on aquatic systems?

Answer 19

1. Threats to coral reefs
2. Ocean acidification
3. Disruption to marine food webs and ecosystems

Question 20

Impacts on terrestrial systems?

Answer 20

1. Threats to flora and fauna
2. Changes in extreme weather

Question 21

Explain impact of heat waves. Support with example.

Answer 21

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Question 22

Explain impact of droughts. Support with example.

Answer 22

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Question 23

Explain impact of wildfires. Support with example.

Answer 23

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Question 24

Explain impacts of tropical cyclones. Support with example.

Answer 24

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Question 25

Explain impact of floods. Support with example.

Answer 25

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Question 26

Impacts on provisioning ES?

Answer 26

1. Fish production 2. Agriculture affected

Question 27

Impacts on regulating ES?

Answer 27

Increase in vector-born diseases

Question 28

Impacts on cultural ES?

Answer 28

1. Melting of Arctic ice Degradation of natural landscapes

Question 29

What contributes to nature of hazards?

Answer 29

1. Short-term events 2. Long-term events

Question 30

What contributes to vulnerability?

Answer 30

1. Poverty 2. Lack of access to piped water (or other infrastructure/resources)

Question 31

What contributes to exposure?

Answer 31

1. Proximity to dry environments 2. Proximity to coastal environments

Question 32

What are the strategies to lower greenhouse gas emissions?

Answer 32

1. International Agreements & Cooperation 2. Use of low-carbon technology 3. Use of clean energy sources 4. Changes in consumption patterns

Question 33

What are the strategies to enhance carbon sinks?

Answer 33

1. Managing land use 2. Forest regeneration

Question 34

What are limitations of strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

Answer 34

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Question 35

What are limitations of strategies to enhance carbon sinks?

Answer 35

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Question 36

What are structural approaches and their limitations?

Answer 36

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Question 37

What are technological approaches and their limitations?

Answer 37

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Question 38

What are social approaches and their limitations?

Answer 38

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Question 39

What are institutional approaches and their limitations?

Answer 39

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