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Science grade 10 > Climate Change > Flashcards

Climate Change Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

what are the three main mechanics of heat transfer?

A
  1. conduction
  2. convection
  3. radiation
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2
Q

what is the conduction heat transfer?

A

thermal energy transfer, highly energetic molecules/atoms collide with less energetic giving them energy

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3
Q

what is the convection heat transfer?

A

highly energetic molecules move from one place to another, carrying thermal energy with them

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4
Q

what is radiation heat transfer?

A

atoms/molecules emit electromagnetic waves; that are converted to thermal energy when they interact with matter

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5
Q

sum up solar radiation?

A
  • radiant energy takes from in electromagnetic waves (narrow wave lengths)
  • includes UV, visible, IR
  • all forms of life depend on solar radiation
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6
Q

how do water and land retain heat?

A

water: greater heat capacity and depth more wide spread
land: more concentrated (warmer)

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7
Q

what creates wind?

A

when a thermal circulation occurs when warm air rises and cool air sinks, this creates wind

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8
Q

during the day what happens to land and air?

A
  • land heats quicker than water
  • low over land high over water
  • movement of air = high to low so breeze it towards land
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9
Q

during the night what happens to land and air?

A
  • land cools faster than water
  • high over land. low over water
  • breeze from land to water
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10
Q

what 4 regions can the atmosphere be divided into?

A
  1. troposphere
  2. stratosphere
  3. mesosphere
  4. thermosphere
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11
Q

sum up the troposphere.

A
  • 11 km from earth
  • area contains our weather
  • temperature decreases with height
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12
Q

what is the tropopause?

A

an area between the troposphere and stratosphere, temperature doesn’t decrease with height in this area

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13
Q

sum up stratosphere.

A
  • 20-50km above earth
  • temp. increases with height due to presence of ozone layer
  • average temp. -46 degrees c
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14
Q

what is the stratopause?

A

area between stratosphere and mesosphere

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15
Q

sum up the mesosphere.

A
  • 60-90km above earth
  • temp. decreases with height
  • average air temp, -90
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16
Q

what is the mesopause?

A

area between mesosphere and thermosphere

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17
Q

sum up thermoshere.

A

from 110-500 km above earth
temp increases with height
UV radiation is absorbed by molecular oxygen

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18
Q

what is the ionosphere?

A

a layer of charged particles in the thermosphere, caused by the absorption of energy from the sun

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19
Q

how much of the earths surface is covered by water?

Study These Flashcards
A

70%
97% saltwater
3% freshwater

20
Q

explain hydrologic cycle

Study These Flashcards
A
  • evaporation comes from rivers and lakes and moist ground
  • condensation occurs with cooling temps. and cloud formation
  • water falls in some form of precipitation
21
Q

what is the basis of the continental drift theory? (4 point)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. earths crust/mantle are divided into 7 large plates and several smaller ones
  2. the plates are moving in relation of one another
  3. continents move as the plates do
  4. during the past 200 million years the continents gradually moved apart to their current positions
22
Q

how many glacial and inter-glacial periods have there been in the past 800,000 years

Study These Flashcards
A

there have been 8

23
Q

what are the 3 reasons behind ice ages?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. eccentricity of the earths orbit: between circular and elliptical
  2. tilt: the tilt of the earths axis
  3. procession of wobble: where direction of tilt changes
24
Q

what are the 2 main reasons global warming ins occurring?

Study These Flashcards
A

burning of fossil fuels/ deforestation

25
What are the 5 problems with global warming?
1. increased average annual temp. 2. melting of polar icecaps and glaciers 3. melting of permafrost 4. rise in ocean sea levels 5. more extreme weather
26
what is a feedback loop?
a process in which the result acts to influence the original process
27
what is a positive vs. negative feedback loop?
positive: the effect increases the original cause negative: the effect decreases the original cause
28
what are the three main types of clouds?
cumulus, stratus and cirrus
29
what are cumulus clouds?
puffy clouds, form from convection currents and the meeting of air masses
30
what are stratus clouds?
low level, flat, forms in many layers. forms by the meeting of air masses, up the side of a mountain range, by conduction when at ground level (fog)
31
what are cirrus clouds?
high-level clouds made of ice crystals formed by deposition
32
what is deposition?
when water vapor changes directly from a gas to a solid
33
what is a nimbus cloud?
rain or snow bearing cloud
34
what is a nimbostratus cloud?
stratus cloud that brings rain
35
what is a cumulonimbus cloud?
rain or snow bearing cloud (storm clouds)
36
below 2000m what are the clouds called? (3)
stratus nimbostratus cumulonimbus
37
from 2000m to 6000m what are the clouds called? (2)
altostratus | altocumulus
38
what are clouds that are above 6000m called? (2)
cirrostratus | cirrocumulus
39
what happens in solar radiation (clouds)
ground heats by conduction, air heats, becomes less dense and rises
40
what happens with air masses?
two air masses of different temps. meet, cooler pushes warm air up
41
what happens in a mountain range?
a moving air mass meets a mountain range, the mass rises over the mountain and cool
42
what does a weather system consist of?
temperature, wind, pressure, and moisture
43
what is an air mass and what are the 4 types?
a large body of air that has the same temp and humidity 1. continental: originates over land; dry air 2. maritime: originates over water; moist air 3. polar: originates over polar regions: cool air 4: tropical: originates over tropical regions: wgwarm air
44
what are the 4 types of fronts?
warm front: warm air mass, gradually rises over cold cold front: cold air mass pushes under a warm one- results in violent storms occluded front: a cold front catches up to a slower warm front - less extreme storms stationary front: cold and warm air masses meet and stay there for several days - steady precipitation
45
what does the Coriolis effect result in?
1. results in the prevailing westerlies (movement of air from west to east) 2. prevailing easterlies (movement of air from east to west)
46
what is the jet stream?
a ribbon of extremely fast moving air, tend to occur within polar and temperate zones

Science grade 10 (3 decks)

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