Climate Change Mitigastion And Political Initiatives

Question 1

between 1880-2012 what has the global avg land and surface temp inc by?

Answer 1

0.85C

Question 2

Between 1971-2010, how much has the ocean warmed?

Answer 2

0.11C in the upper 75m

Question 3

Since the beginning of the industrial era what has happened to the ocean?

Answer 3

Ocean uptake of CO2 has resulted in acidification of the ocean and the pH has decreased by 0.1

Question 4

How much has the oceans acidity inc by?

Answer 4

26%

Question 5

What species does the ocean acidification pose a threat to?

Answer 5

Phytoplankton

Question 6

What has lost mass between 1992-2011?

Answer 6

Greenland and Antarctic sheets

Question 7

How has climate chnage impacted permafrost?

Answer 7

permafrost temperatures have increased since the early 1980s also changing the snow cover

Question 8

Between 1979-2012 what has happened to the annual mean Arctic sea-ice?

Answer 8

decreased from 3.5%-4.1% per decade

Question 9

between 1901-2010 how much has the global mean sea level risen by?

Answer 9

0.19m

Question 10

What did scientists say about the heat of 2019?

Answer 10

It is likely to be the warmest since 1850 began

Question 11

What are the Met office’s temperature forecasts?

Answer 11

Likely to be 1C or more above pre-industrial levels

Question 12

What year did the met office say that temperatures had exceeded pre-industrial level?

Answer 12

2015 (1C above pre-industrial levels

Question 13

From 2019-2023 how much will the temperatures be above 1850-1900 level?

Answer 13

1.03C - 1.57C

Question 14

What is the IPCC 1988?

Answer 14

Intergovernmental panel on climate change - scientists and experts set up to monitor + analyse climate

Question 15

What is Kyoto. (1997) ?

Answer 15

It sets targets for developed countries to reduce ghg gas emissions and established the concept of trading carbon emmisions between member countries

Question 16

What are the negatives of Kyoto 1997?

Answer 16

Not all developed countries joined (inc USA), some refused to make it legally enforceable

Question 17

When was the Paris agreement made? (COP21)

Answer 17

December 2015

Question 18

What is the Paris agreement?

Answer 18

195 countries adopted the first legally binding global climate agreement

Question 19

When was the Paris agreement due to be inforced?

Answer 19

2020

Question 20

What was the Paris agreements aims?

Answer 20

To limit the average global temperature to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.

Question 21

What were the benefits or the Paris agreement?

Answer 21

Strengthen the liability to adapt too, and be resilient in dealing with the impacts of climate change

Question 22

Is the paris agreement achievable?

Answer 22

The IPPC stated in their 2022 document that by 2023 the temperature will have met the Industrial Revolution temperature NO

Question 23

What are the 2 national frame works of political initiatives?

Answer 23

1) Regional commitments
2) Bilateral commitments

Question 24

What do national frameworks cover?

Answer 24

Trading blocs and agreement between 2+ countries

Question 25

What is the regional commitment?

Answer 25

28 members of the EU operate the ETS ( Emmitions trading system ) which is the biggest international system for trading greenhouse gas allocations

Question 26

What happens if the 28 countries do not confirm?

Answer 26

They are fined if they go over their caps and are incentivised to sell unused emmisions in the carbon trading market

Question 27

What is the bilateral commitment 2014?

Answer 27

USA and china signed a secretly negotiated agreement to limit their emissions

Question 28

What was chinas aim in the bilateral commitment?

Answer 28

China agreed to cap its emmisions by 2023

Question 29

What has the USA's aim in †he bilateral commitment?

Answer 29

Reduce their emissions by 27% by 2025 on the 2005 emissions levels

Question 30

What does COP28 mark?

Answer 30

COP28, will be the 28th United Nations Climate Change conference, held from November 30th - December 12th, 2023, Dubai.

Question 31

What was stressed to countries when in Katowice?

Answer 31

The urgency to enhance ambitions in order to ensure the highest possible adaptation and mitigation efforts by all the parties

Question 32

Why was COP24 a long and difficult negotiation?

Answer 32

USA and Saudi pushed back against the scientific findings

Question 33

What did countries eventually agree on in COP24?

Answer 33

The Katowice Climate Package agreed on a set of guidelines for implementing the landmark 2015 Paris Agreement

Question 34

Why was COP24 significant to the Paris Agreement?

Answer 34

It was a major step forward for operating the Paris Agreement

Question 35

What does COP 24 mark

Answer 35

3rd anniversary of the Paris Agreement held in Katowice, Poland 2018