Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GU > Clin Med: Buzzwords, Tx, and Jim Gems > Flashcards

Clin Med: Buzzwords, Tx, and Jim Gems Flashcards

(105 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What part of the prostate is involved in BPH?

A

Transition zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the 1st line tx for BPH?

A

a-blockers, such as tamsulosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is NOT an appropriate tx for elevated PSA?

A

Do not give antibiotics for elevated BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the 1st line tx for ED?

A

PDE5 inhibitors such as slidenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are contraindications and AEs associated with the 1st line tx for ED?

A

PDE5 inhibitors are absolutely contraindicated for use in patients with access to nitrates

Relative contraindication in patients on a-blockers

AEs: HA, flushing, congestion, dizziness, visual disturbance, rare priapism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the first line tx for peyronie disease?

A
  • Xiaflex - only FDA approved option
  • Often used in conjunction with PO pentoxifyline

(Refer peyronie disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the first and second line txs for overactive bladder? What are the associated AEs and contraindications?

A
  • Behavioral management
  • Antimuscarinics:
    • AE: dry mouth, CNS effects, urinary retention, constipation
    • CIx in patients with narrow angle glaucoma; use with caution in patients on other antimuscarinic drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are three tx options for phimosis?

A

Betamethasone
Circumcision
Dorsal slit procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a characteristic of BXO that can help differentiate from a cancerous lesion?

A

In BXO the glans is unaffected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the MC causes of hematuria?

A

Hematuria is most commonly from the lower tract. The three mc causes are:

  • Infection
  • Bladder carcinoma
  • BPH

When it is from the upper tract, the kidneys or ureters are the most common source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After a patient is treated for bladder cancer, what must be considered?

A

Bladder cx has a high rate of recurrence, so the patient should undergo cystoscopic surveillance indefinitely.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the MC form of kidney cancer?

A

Clear cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the classic presentation of kidney cx?

A

Classic triad:

  • Hematuria
  • Flank pain
  • Abdx mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Your patient had an abdominal CT which shows a renal mass that is 8 HU. Should this be referred?

A

No - do not refer masses <10 HU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Your patient had an abdominal CT which shows a renal mass that is 21 HU. Should this be referred?

A

Yes: renal masses that are >20 HU are renal cell carcinoma until proven otherwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for kidney cancer?

A

Nephrectomy: partial if possible.

If not a surgical candidate, ablation (radio or cryo).

For our purposes, no chemo or radiation for kidney cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Your patient is a 60 YO circumcised male presenting with a shiny, erythematous penile lesion. What is your Ddx and how will you Dx?

A
  • Zoon balanitis most likely
  • Penile cx unlikely in a circumcised patient
  • R/o STI, BXO

Often cannot tell via PE alone, must biopsy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Your patient is a 30 YO male complaining of the presence of a painless “third testicle”. What is your immediate concern?

A

Testicular cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common primary testicular cancer?

A

Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the MC bilateral + primary testicular cancer?

A

Seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the MC bilateral testicular cancer?

A

Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the MC metastatic testicular cx?

A

Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the MC testicular cx in men > 50 YO?

A

Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What testicular condition(s) is/are MORE likely to occur in the right testicle?

A

Testicular cx (due to higher incidence of r-sided cryptorchidism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Buzzword: painless testicular nodule
Testicular cancer
26
Buzzwords: Smoker + flank pain
Kidney cx
27
Buzzword: Hard/indurated prostate
Prostate Cx
28
What part of the prostate is involved in prostate cancer?
Peripheral zone
29
What is the MC type of prostate cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
30
What is the mainstay of treatment for testicular cancer?
Orchiectomy +/- RPLND, Chemo, radiation
31
What is the mainstay of treatment for prostate cancer? What are some associated risks and benefits?
Prostatectomy: - potentially curative - allows for better staging - Incontinence and ED are likely
32
In addition to prostatectomy, what are adjunctive therapies for prostate cancer?
Radiation | Androgen deprivation
33
What are the guidelines for PSA screening for prostate cancer?
- < 40 YO: not recommended - 40 - 55 YO: consider if there is risk - 55 - 69 YO: screen every 1 or 2 years as long as life expectancy > 10 years - > 70 YO: not recommended
34
What are the two urologic emergencies we learned about?
Fournier gangrene | Testicular torsion
35
What are 6 major risk factors that should prompt heightened suspicion in a patient with scrotal edema?
Patients with these risk factors are at increased risk for Fournier gangrene, even with an apparently small initial source of infection: - Immunocompromise - DM - Advanced age - Malnutrition - Alcohol abuse - IV drug use
36
How is Fournier gangrene definitively diagnosed?
CT of pelvis +/- abdomen -- be specific when requisitioning radiology.
37
What is the treatment for Fournier gangrene?
Immediate ED/urology referral - Emergency surgical resection/debridement - PCN G + aminoglycoside + clindamycin
38
Buzzword: Bell-Clapper Deformity
Testicular torsion
39
Buzzword: High-riding testicle
Testicular torsion
40
How is testicular torsion diagnosed?
Scrotal US (but if suspicion is high enough, it is not inappropriate to send straight to surgery)
41
Buzzword: Prehn's sign
NEGATIVE in testicular torsion | Positive result = relief of pain when scrotum is elevated
42
If you are in a remote area without immediate surgical access, what can be attempted as treatment for testicular torsion?
Manual detorsion - external rotation
43
What is the treatment for testicular torsion?
Surgical exploration: - Detorsion and orchiopexy if salvagable - Orchiectomy if not salvagable - Orchiopexy of contralateral side
44
Buzzword: absent cremasteric reflex
Testicular torsion
45
Abnormally located ventral urethral opening
Hypospadias
46
Abnormally located dorsal urethral opening
Epispadias
47
What is the treatment for hypospadias?
Surgery: buccal mucosa graft, usually after 3 mo and before 2 YO Do NOT circumcise!!!
48
What are three characteristic findings that are associated with hypospadias?
Any one constitutes hypospadias: - Ectopic urethral meatus - Chordee (bent penis) - Hooded foreskin
49
What is the difference between a communicating vs non-communicating hydrocele? How can they be differentiated on PE?
Communicating: filled with peritoneal fluid due to open processus vaginalis. Reducible on PE and may change size during day or with valsalva. Non-communicating: filled with fluid from mesothelial lining of the tunica vaginalis. Not reducible on PE.
50
Buzzword: Bag of Worms
Varicocele
51
What testicular condition(s) occur more frequently on the L testicle?
Varicocele **If patient presents with unilateral R varicocele, strong suspicion for renal cell carcinoma: send for rental CT and refer to urology
52
What is the first line tx for uncomplicated acute cystitis?
Bactrim 800/160 x 3 days
53
How is cystitis diagnosed?
NOT on UA alone! | Must get UA + microscopy to assess for hematuria, but C&S is diagnostic for UTI
54
How is asymptomatic bacteruria treated?
It's not!
55
How is complicated cystitis treated?
Bactrim 800/160 7-10 days, refer to urology
56
What is the first line treatment for interstitial cystitis?
Stress management and behavioral modifications --> pelvic floor PT
57
Buzzword: Hunner's lesions
Interstitial cystitis
58
What are some complications of acute pyelonephritis?
- Sepsis - Emphysematous pyelonephritis - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
59
What is the treatment for acute pyelonephritis?
Admit (or low threshold, at least) | IV ampicillin + gentamicin, then transition to PO cipro/FQ
60
What imaging is done when acute pyelonephritis is suspected?
Renal US or CT to assess for presence of stone, abscess, or hydronephritis
61
Buzzword: Warm, boggy prostate
Acute prostatitis
62
What is the first line treatment for acute prostatitis?
Doxycycline 100 BID 2-6 weeks | can also consider Bactrim, cipro, levo
63
Buzzword: ejaculatory pain
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome/chronic prostatitis
64
What is an appropriate medical therapy for chronic prostatitis?
a-blockers for new onset Ok to do an extended antibiotic trial ONLY if it is first occurrence/low suspicion of non-infectious cause. This scenario will probably not be on the test, so don't go with antibiotics.
65
Your patient is an otherwise-healthy 35 YO male presenting with scrotal swelling, urethral discharge, and acute pain with palpation of the testicle. What is at the top of your Ddx?
Epididymo-orchitis, most likely sexually transmitted (suspect ST in patients <40 YO)
66
What is the treatment for sexually transmitted epididymo-orchitis?
1 dose IM Ceftriaxone + azithromycin
67
Your patient is a 45 YO male presenting with scrotal swelling, irritative LUTS, and acute pain with palpation of the testicle. What is at the top of your Ddx?
Non-sexually transmitted epididymo-orchidis (suspect non-ST in patients > 40 YO).
68
Buzzword: Dumbbell crystals
Ca2+ oxalate urolithiasis
69
Buzzword: Coffin lid crystals
Struvite urolithiasis
70
Buzzword: Rosette crystals
Uric acid urolithiasis
71
When is it necessary to admit and urgently refer a patient with urolithiasis?
When the stone is causing obstruction and infection
72
What are the criteria for diagnosing vesicourethral reflux?
(Pediatric patient): 2+ febrile UTIs OR 1 febrile UTI + any of the following: - abnormal renal US - high temp + species other than E coli - poor growth & HTN
73
Cryptorchidism more commonly occurs in which testicle?
Right - gets stuck in inguinal canal or abdomen
74
What is the treatment for cryptorchidism?
Surgical orchiopexy - should refer ~4-6 months of age, and definitely before 2 YO
75
Buzz word: abdominal mass in pediatric patient
CAN'T MISS: Wilm's tumor
76
How is a Wilm's tumor diagnosed?
Abdx US
77
What is an important consideration in patients with ambiguous genitalia?
At risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia - need to promptly eval for CAH
78
What is the tx for gonococcal urethritis?
Single dose IM ceftriaxone (Hassan also includes single dose azithromycin, UpToDate does not recommend)
79
What is the tx for cervicitis?
Single dose IM ceftriaxone (Hassan also includes single dose azithromycin, UpToDate does not recommend)
80
What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
Metronidazole
81
What is the tx for candidiasis?
Azole antifungal
82
What is the tx for trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole
83
What is the tx for syphilis?
Single dose IM PCN G
84
What is the tx for chancroid?
Single dose azithromycin
85
What is the tx for lymphogranuloma venerum?
Doxycycline
86
What is the tx for HSV?
Acyclovir (to manage symptoms, transmission, and shedding)
87
Buzzword: purulent urethral discharge
Gonoccocal urethritis
88
Buzzword: Gray/yellow vaginal discharge
Cervicitis (chlamydia or gonorrhea)
89
Buzzword: non-painful chancre
Syphilis, primary stage Treponema pallidum
90
Buzzword: maculopapular rash
Syphilis, secondary stage Treponema pallidum
91
Buzzword: spirochete
Syphilis: Treponema pallidum
92
Buzzword: frothy vaginal discharge
Trichomoniasis
93
Buzzword: strawberry cervix
Trichomoniasis
94
Buzzword: bouncing motility
Trichomoniasis vaginalis
95
Buzzword: school of fish
Chancroid (H ducreyi)
96
Buzzword: painful chancre
Chancroid (H ducreyi)
97
Buzzword: Buboes
``` Chancroid (H ducreyi - occur with painful chancres) or LGV (L-serovars of Chlamydia - occur with non-painful lesions) ```
98
Buzzword: vesicular lesions
HSV
99
Buzzword: granulations on microscopy
HSV
100
Buzzword: Multi-nucleated giant cells
HSV (appears on Tzanck smear)
101
Buzzword: Koilocytosis
HPV | Also: Haloes or Halo cells
102
Buzzword: infection at squamous/columnar junction
HPV
103
Buzzword: Clue cells
BV
104
Buzzword: Fishy odor
BV
105
Buzzword: Cottage cheese-like discharge
Candidiasis

GU (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions