clin med peds Flashcards
(24 cards)
otitis externa tx (3 options)
neomycin/polymyxin B
cipro drops
oxfloxacin drops
aphthous stomatitis tx (3 options)
licodaine
simethicone
magic mouthwash
hand foot mouth dz:
1) cause
2) most commonly affected area of body?
3) tx?
1) coxsackie
2) hands
3) supportive
tonsillitis/pharyngitis:
1) 2 possible causes
2) strep tx? (4 options)
1) mono, GABHS
2) pcn G, pcn VK, amoxicillin, azithro
1) s/s: trismus, hot potato breath. dx?
2) imaging?
3) tx?
1) tonsillar abscess
2) CT
3) PO or IV abx, I&D by ENT
mastoiditis
1) can occur with inadequately tx’ed what?
2) imaging?
3) initial tx?
1) otitis media
2) CT
3) IV abx w/ surgery
epiglottitis:
1) cause
2) 3 common s/s?
3) xray finding?
4) tx?
1) Hib
2) sudden onset fever, drooling, tripod position
3) thumb print sign
4) admit for IV abx
1) most common congenital anomaly of larynx
2) what happens to larynx?
3) key s/s?
4) confirmatory dx?
1) laryngomalacia
2) collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration
3) intermittent wet inspiratory stidor
4) laryngoscopy
1) seal like/barking cough. dx?
2) xray findings?
3) tx? (2 options)
1) croup
2) steeple sign
3) cool moist air, single dose IV dexamethasone
cystic fibrosis:
1) type of genetic disorder?
2) dx tool?
3) tx? (2 options)
1) autosomal recessive
2) chloride sweat test
3) bronchodilators, lung transplant
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA):
1) PE finding?
2) dx tool?
3) tx for mildly symptomatic neonates?
1) holosystolic “machine-like” murmur
2) echo
3) prostaglandin inhibitor
ventricular septal defect (VSD):
1) PE finding?
2) dx tool? (3 options)
3) tx?
1) holosystolic murmur in lower left sternal border
2) echo, MRI, cardiac cath
3) most close on their own
atrial septal defect (ASD):
1) PE finding?
2) dx tool? (2 options)
3) tx?
1) fixed split S2 and pulmonic ejection murmur
2) TEE, right heart cath
3) closure with patch
acute rheumatic fever:
1) sequela of what?
2) dx criteria?
3) tx? (2 options)
1) beta hemolytic strep infx of pharynx
2) major: JONES
3) pcn or erythromycin
1) define kawasaki dx.
2) history/PE findings mnemonic?
3) dx criteria?
4) tx? (2 options)
1) acute, self limiting vasculitis
2) CRASH & Burn
3) fever lasting at least 5 days
4) aspirin, IV IG
inguinal hernias:
1) dx? (2 options)
2) tx?
1) PE, U/S
2) surgery
congenital diaphragmatic hernias:
1) define.
2) usually present with what?
3) dx? (prenatal, postnatal)
4) tx? (2)
1) incomplete diaphragm formation allowing for abd organs to herniate through defect in thoracic cavity
2) severe respiratory distress
3) prenatally= U/S, postnatally= CXR
4) surgery, referral to tertiary care center
1) currant jelly stools. dx?
2) imaging?
3) tx? (2 options)
1) intussusception
2) U/S
3) pneumatic enema, surgical intervention
1) absence of ganglion cells in mucosal and muscular layers of colon. Dx?
2) tx?
1) hirschsprung dz
2) surgical excision of affected segment
1) congenital malformation of duodenum. dx?
2) mostly in infants with what?
3) dx tool? findings?
4) key finding?
5) tx? (3 options)
1) duodenal atresia
2) chromosomal anomaly
3) prenatal U/S, double bubble sign
4) vomiting within hours of birth
5) orogastric suction, IV fluids/nutrition, surgery within days
reflux nephropathy:
1) define.
2) when to suspect?
3) dx? (4 options)
4) tx?
1) retrograde flow of uring from bladder into upper urinary tract
2) kids with recurrent UTI
3) voiding cystogram, renal U/S, UA, baseline GFR
4) may resolve on its own (around age 4)
hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS):
1) cause?
2) one of most common causes of what in kids?
3) confirmatory dx?
4) tx?
1) shiga toxin producing e coli
2) AKI
3) stool studies
4) supportive care
most common type of spina bifida?
occulta
tx for clubfoot?
serial casting weekly for 6-8 wks shortly after birth
