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King’s Clinical Neuro > Clincial Neuro > Flashcards

Clincial Neuro Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Consciousness impaired

A

ARAS
Cerebrum
Limbic system- more behavior

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2
Q

Pleurothotonus

A

Head and neck to one side
Mesencephalic lesions

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3
Q

Decerebrate

A

Midbrain

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4
Q

Decerebellate

A

Rostral cerebellum

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5
Q

What is Schiff Sherrington

A

Damage of border cells, long interneurons that have cell bodies in dorsolstersl border of ventral gray column between L1 and L5. Axons ascend in fasciculus proprius and inhibit thoracic limb extensor motor neurons in cervical intum

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6
Q

Wide based stance

A

General proprioceptive kinaesthetic system

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7
Q

Olfaction test

A

A- cn 1 to olfactory cortex (piriform lobe), amygdala, hippocampus via olfactory bulbs, olfactory tract and stria
E- activation of different areas of cerebral cortex and limbic system

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8
Q

PLRS

A

A- cn 2 to both parasympathetic oculomotor nuclei via mes pretectal nucleus
E- cn 3 (parasympathetic)

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9
Q

Menace

A

A- cn 2 to facial nuclei via contra cerebral cortex, diencephalon, Mesencephalon, metencephalon, and ipsi cerebellum
E- motor component of cn 7

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10
Q

Fixating response

A

A- cn 2 to nuclei of cn 3 4 6 via LGN and visual cortex
E- cn 3 4 6 and tectospinal tract

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11
Q

Oculomotor

A

SE- ventral oblique muscle, dorsal ventral and medial recti
Parasympathetic- levator palp superiors, iris muscle, ciliary muscle

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12
Q

Why is external ophthalmoplegia

A

Ventrolateral strabismus - 3
Dorsolateral dorsomedial strabismus - 4 (left eye then right nerve)
Medial strabismus- 6

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13
Q

What is internal ophthalmoplegia

A

Mydriasis loss is parasympathetic innervation to iris muscle

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14
Q

Trigeminal- sensory

A

Ophthalmic- cornea, medial canthus of eye, nasal septal mucosa, skin of dorsum of nose
Maxillary- lateral canthus of eye, skin of cheek, side of nose, muzzle, palate, mm of nasopharynx, teeth and gingivae of upper jaw
Mandibular- portion of face and oral cavity

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15
Q

Trigeminal- Motor

A

Mandibular - masticatory muscles- temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral Pterygoid and rostral of digastric muscles
Small branch innervates tensor tympani muscle

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16
Q

Testing ophthalmic nerve of tri

A

Palpebral-
Ophthalmic nerve to motor nuc of 7 via tri nerve gang and spinal tract of tri
CN 7 and 7 innervates or orbicularis oculi muscle - to close lid

Corneal
Ophthalmic nerve to motor nuclei of 7 via trigeminal nerve gang and spinal tract of tri
CN 7

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17
Q

Testing maxillary nerve

A

Palpebral reflex-
Maxillary nerve to motor nuc of 7 of tri nerve ganglion and spinal tract of tri
CN 7

Conscious perception of head
Response is transmitted from ophthalmic nerve to contra somesthetic cerebral cortex via tri lemniscus

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18
Q

Abducens

A

Innervates lateral rectus and retractor bulbi

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19
Q

Nictating reflex

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A

From ophthalmic nerve to nucleus of 6 via tri nerve gang and spinal tract of tri
CN 6 supplies the retractor oculi

20
Q

Facial - sensory

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A

Rostral 2/3rds of tongue and palate

21
Q

Facial- motor

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A

Muscles facial expression - ear, upper and lower eyelids, nose, cheeks, upper and lower lip
Small branch innervates stapedius muscle

22
Q

Facial - parasympathetic

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A

Lacrimal gland, Mandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lateral nasal glands

23
Q

Tests

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A

Menace, palpebral, corneal, handclap
Cn 8
Cn 7 moves muscles of pinna

24
Q

Cochlear nerve - handclap

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A

Cochlear nerve to nuc of cn 7 and caudal colli
Cn 7 and tectospinal tract for movement of head and neck

25
Glossopharyngeal nerve - sensory
9 Caudal third tongue and pharyngeal mucosa
26
Glossopharyngeal- motor
Musculature of pharynx and palatine structures
27
Glossopharyngeal- parasympathetic
Parotid and zygomatic salivary glands
28
Gag reflex
Cranial nerve 9 to nuc of X via nucleus of solitary tract 10 Dysphasia- reduced aff info from tongue and pharynx
29
Vagus- Motor
Larynx with recurrent laryngeal branch, pharynx and eso
30
Vagus- motor
Larynx, pharynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera
31
Vagus- parasympathetic
All thoracic and abdominal viscera and except pelvic region
32
Laryngeal addiction test
From cut branches of cranial thoracic spinal Nerves to nucleus ambiguous via contra fasciculus proprius Recurrent laryngeal nerve via vagus
33
Accessory - motor
Trapezius- part of sternocephalicus and brachioceohalicus muscles
34
Accessory- parasympathetic
Joins 10 to inneevate the intrinsic muscles of larynx and cervical and cranial thoracic eso
35
Hypoglossal
11 Extrinsic muscles of tongue- styloglossus, hyoglossus genioglossus Intrinsic tongue muscles Geniohyoideus
36
What will blindfolding uncover
Bilateral or unilateral motor deficit Kinesthetic deficit Cerebellar ataxia Vest disturbance
37
Withdrawals afferent in tl and pl
Median, ulnar, radial Peroneal, tibial
38
Withdrawal efferent in pl and tl
Median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, axillary Sciatic, peroneal, tibial
39
What happens in complete sciatic dysfunction
Withdrawal reflex is absent when 5th digit is pinched but there may be some flexion of hip when 1st digit is cumulated due to aff and eff signals traveling through femoral nerve (innervates iliopsoas and rectus femoris
40
What is aff and eff of patellar?
Femoral
41
Triceps tendon reflex
Aff- radial C7/T2 Eff- radial
42
Biceps tendon reflex
Aff- musculocutaneous C6/C8 Eff- musculocutaneous
43
Panniculus reflex
Enters dorsolateral fasciculus of spinal cord through spinal nerves that supply the skin of thorax and abdomen Sensory neurons synapse with interneurons that bilaterally ascend the fasciculus proprius and terminate in ventral grey column at C8/T1 segments Long interneurons synapse on motor neuron that form lateral thoracic nerves that innervate the CTM
44
Perineal reflex
Pudendal nerve and branches S1/S3 Pudendal nerve and branches for contraction of external anal sphincter Coccygeal (caudal) nerves for tail movement
45
Sympathetic system pathway
N1- hypothalamus to pregang cell bodies at the lateral gray column of T1-T3 segments via tectotegmentospinal tract (in lateral funiculus) N2- pregang cell bodies to cranial cervical gang via thoracic and cervical symp trunk and vagosym trunk N3- cranial cervical gang to orbitalis muscle, eyelids, third eyelid, ciliary muscle and pupillary dilator muscle via tympanic cavity, trigeminal gang and ophthalmic nerve Vascular smooth muscle and sweat glands in head and proximal cervical region via blood vessels and cranial and spinal Nerves
46
Pattern of sweating
Transverse lesion at caudal thoracic spinal cord segments will result in a focal bilateral band of sweating at the level of the lesion Lateralized lesion at the cervical spinal cord segments may induce ipsi sweating in entire side of body Lesion of 2nd order neuron causes sweating over entire side of head and neck
47
Phenylephrine testing
Within 20 mins- 3rd order Between 20-45 mins- 2nd order

King’s Clinical Neuro (1 decks)

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