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PCM (block 2) > ClinCorr #4 > Flashcards

ClinCorr #4 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What major muscle, peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for knee extension?

A

Quads, Femoral, L3-4

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2
Q

What major muscle, peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?

A

Peroneal, L4-5

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3
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for hip extension?

A

L4-5, Gluteal

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4
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for extension of the great toe?

A

Peroneal, L5

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5
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for knee flexion?

A

Sciatic, L5-S1

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6
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for ankle plantar flexion?

A

Tibial, S1-2

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7
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for Hip adductors?

A

Obturator, L2-3

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8
Q

What would accompany a L4 lesion?

A

Pain: back, shin, thigh, leg
Sensory: shin numbness
Weakness: Ankle dorsiflexors
Reflex changes: Knee jerk

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9
Q

What would accompany a L5 lesion?

A

Pain: Back, posterior, thigh, leg
Sensory: Numbness of top of the foot and first web space
Weakness: Extensor hallucis longus
Reflex changes: None

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10
Q

What would accompany a S1 lesion?

A

Pain: Back, Posterior calf, and leg
Sensory: numbness of the lateral foot
Weakness: Gastrocnemius and soleus
Reflex: ankle jerk

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11
Q

What does the L5 dermatome include?

A

Large toe, and Lateral Lower Leg

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12
Q

What does the S1 dermatome include?

A

Small toe and Sole

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13
Q

What major muscle, peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for hip flexion?

A

Iliopsoas, Femoral n., L2-3

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14
Q

Where does the patella sit in the knee joint?

A

Between the two femoral condyles

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15
Q

What two ligaments in the knee prevents side to side movement?

A

MCL and LCL

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16
Q

What two ligaments in the knee prevent front and back movment of the knee?

A

ACL and PCL

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17
Q

T or F: the menicus is articular cartilage

A

FALSE - it is fibrocartilage

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the meniscus?

A
  • To spread force over a larger area
  • Prevents art. cartilage of the knee from experiencing excessive force
  • prevents the femur from sliding off the tibia
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19
Q

What tendons can be used as grafts to replace torn ligaments?

A

Hamstring

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20
Q

What is the order of procession in a knee examination?

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A

Inspection –> Palpation –> active ROM –> passive ROM

21
Q

What is the technical term for being bowlegged?

22
Q

What is the technical term for being knockneed?

23
Q

What should you palpate on the patella?

Study These Flashcards
A

superior and inferior poles

medial and lateral facet

24
Q

How to palpate knee joint?

Study These Flashcards
A

palpate along the medial and lateral joint line

25
What is the typical amount of flexion in the knee joint?
135º
26
What are you checking for in the extension test?
Hyperextension
27
What do test do you do to check for MCL and LCL tears?
Varus and Valgus stress test - Varus: push ankle medial and pull knee lateral - Valgus: pull ankle lateral and push knee medial
28
How can the valgus tests be modified to test for anterior fibers?
Bend the knee 30º
29
What is the position of the leg and of the examiner in the Anterior and Posterior drawer tests?
flex knee 90º and sit on foot with fingers on the joint cavity
30
What is the lockman test?
The anterior drawer test at 30º | - can drop leg off table to get this angle
31
What is indicated by popping while twisting the ankle medially?
Medially meniscus tear | - lateral popping = lateral meniscus
32
What does the McMurry test test for?
torn menisci | - bring knee in and internally rotate then out and externally rotate
33
What do you look for when determining if a nerve lesion is a radiculopathy?
- Deficits consistent with a single nerve ROOT (from SC) - sensory loss in one dermatome - motor weakness in muscles with associated root
34
What do you look for in a peripheral n. lesion?
deficits consistent with a known sensory and motor distribution of a single n.
35
What are the indicators of a plexopathy?
- disease corresponding to a plexus injury - pattern spans across many roots and n.s - sensory loss in adjacent dermatomes
36
What does the knee jerk reflex look for?
- reflex abnormalities corresponding to L3 and L4 - Vastus medialis = first thing to go in knee jerk - Hit the patellar ligament
37
What does the ankle jerk reflex test look for?
- reflex abnormalities in S1 and S2 | - put hands on toes and strike achilles
38
What is a common problem that leads to lower back pain with pain radiating into a single dermatome?
Herniated disc | - n+1 rule
39
What risk does degenerative arthritis present to the sping?
Osteophyte formation may impinge on n. roots
40
T or F: tumors and abscesses can have similar symptoms to disc herniations
True
41
When taking a popliteal pulse where do you put your hands?
Between the two heads of gastrcnemius
42
What is one of the first signs of a peripheral polyneuropathy?
- numbness or burning sensation in the hands and feet | - symptomes are BILATERAL and SYMMETRIC
43
T or F: when cell bodies die, the longest neurons become symptomatic first
True
44
What are two common disease that can cause peripheral polyneuropathies?
diabetes and alcoholism
45
What do deep aneurysms in the popliteal a. suggest?
a predisposition to aortic rupture
46
Why take the popliteal or pulse in Dorsalis Pedis a.?
to test for peripheral arterial disease
47
Where is the tibial pulse taken?
posterior to the medial malleolus and slightly superior | -best if foot is plantar flexed
48
Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse taken?
on the top part of ext. hallicis longus

PCM (block 2) (2 decks)

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