Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ST1 Rapid Fire > Clinical > Flashcards

Clinical Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cerebellar Exam

A

Dysdiadokinesea
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Stacccato speech
Hypotonia

+ GAIT and Romberg’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute Paediatric Symptoms and Exam

A

History
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Behavioural changes/engagement
- Feeding

Exam
- Obs (bradys, desats, apnoeas)
- Eye movements/sunsetting
- Fundoscopy
- Fontanelles, scalp veins, OFC
- Spinal and skin exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Paediatric background Qs

A

PMH
- Immunisations
- Prenatal history
- Birth & Developmental history (Height, OFC)
- Dietary intake
- Allergies

Social
- Who lives at home
- Accommodation
- School progress
- Social services involvment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EVD Landmarks

A

Kocher’s Point
* 2.5–3 cm lateral to the midline
* 1 cm anterior to the coronal suture or 11cm from nasion
* mid pupillary line

Advanced perpendicular or toward the medial canthus of ipsilateral eye

To 6cm at outer table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SIADH Criteria

A

Hyponatraemia
Serum osmo <275
Euvolaemia
Urine Osmo >100
Normal renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CSW Criteria

A

Hyponatraemia
Serum osmo <275
Urine sodium > 30
Hypovolaemia
Urine osmo >100
Normal renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reverse thrombolysis

A

No specific

Cryoprecipitate + TXA

(+ Heam discussion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reverse UFH

A

Proteamine Sulfate

(+ Heam discussion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reverse antiplatelet

A

No specific

Consider TXA and platelets

(+ Heam discussion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reverse Riv/Apix/Edox

A

PCC +/- andexenet alfa

(+ Heam discussion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reverse dabigatran

A

Idarizumab

(+haem discussion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reverse warfarin

A

PCC + Vit K

(+ Haem discussion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LMWH

A

Consider protamine (incomplete reversal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aspirin cessation pre-op

A

7d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DOAC cessation pre-op

A

48h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HTS Dose

A

3ml/kg of 3% (150-200mls) peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mannitol dose

A

0.25 - 1 g/kg

200 ml 20% OR 400ml 10%

= 0.5mg/kg in 80kg person)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pros/Cons HTS

A

Pro
- Cheap
- Stable
- Rapid action
- Easily measured endpoint
- Sustained effect
- Less renal injury

Cons
- CPM
- Extravasation
- Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis
- Rebound oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pros/Cons Mannitol

A

Pros
- Rapid effect
- Possible free radical scavenging
- Peripheral administration

Cons
- Renal injury
- Hypovolaemia
- Rebound oedema
- Limited duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pituitary Hormone Panel

A

Morning cortisol
TSH
Prolactin
FSH, LH
Oestradioal or testosterone
IGF-1/GTT
Fasting blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Medical treatment of pituitary adenomas

A

Prolactinoma: Cabergoline (D2 ago) or Bromocriptine (D1 + D2 ago)

Acromegaly: Octreotide (somatostatin analogue)

Cushing: Ketoconazole/Octreotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Apoplexy definition

Study These Flashcards
A

Clinical syndrome w/ neurologic and/or endocrine deterioration due to sudden expansion of sellar mass (from infarction or haemorrhage)

22
Q

Steroids for apoplexy

Study These Flashcards
A

HC 100mg IV bolus then QDS

23
Q

DI diagnostic criteria

Study These Flashcards
A

U/O >250 ml/h for 3/hrs
USG <1.005

24
DI management
Desmopressin 50 microgram PO after discussion with endo
25
Triphasic response
0-48h: DI 48h: SIADH/antidiuretic phase 7d -> DI
26
Brain Tumour Ix/Mx
Testicular/Breast/Skin Exam MRI C with DTI/DWI CT CAP +/- tumour markers Performance status VTE prophylaxis Neuro-onc MDT Maximal safe resection
27
GBM Survival figures
Average survival time is devastatingly short – just 12-18 months 25% survive > 1y 5% > 5y
28
Abscess Ix/Mx
Ix - exam for sitgmata of odontogenic, sinus, or cardiac causes - Bloods + cultures - Echo - OPG - MRI Contrast w/DWI - +/- CT CAP / CTPA - Onc history Mx - NBM - Aspiration/excision - 3rd gen ceph + Metro - Micro discussion
29
Neurogenic shock
Heart + vasomotor tone controlled by segmental sympathetic innervation Unnoposed vagal (parasymp) activity -> hypotension + brady Usually above T6. Mostly first week, usually resolves 2-6 wks
30
Spinal shock
Flaccid paralysis, anaesthesia, loss of bowel/bladder function, areflexia - 48hrs to wks. Recovery: deep plantar reflex + cutaneous reflexes (e.g. bulbocavernosus, cremastric) recovers first -> deep tendon reflexes and spasticity
31
Incomplete SCI
Sparing of sacral motor or sensory function S4-5
32
Criteria for complete SCI
No motor or sensory function of S4-5 - no DAP/Perianal sens (S4-5) - no VAP (S4-5) Cannot determine until bulbocavernosus reflex returns (i.e spinal shock over)
33
SCI Management
Ix - ATLS Protocol w/ primary + secondary survey - Spinal immobilisation - ASIA Chart prior to I&V - CT spine +/- CTA C-spine - MRI Mx - NBM - Reverse anticaog - Judicious IV fluids for neurogenic shock +/- pressors - VTEp + PPI - Roll 2hrly - Reflexic bowel regime - Catheter - Psychology
34
Sensory level
Most caudal (lowest), intact dermatome for BOTH pin prick AND light touch sensation
35
Motor level
Lowest key muscle function of min MRC 3 (on supine testing), providing above muscle functions are MRC 5
36
MRC Grade
0 - nil 1 - flicker/trace 2 - with gravity eliminated 3 - against gravity 4 - gravity and resistance 5 - normal
37
MSCC Ix/Mx
Ix - Prev Ca -
38
Spinal mets Sx
Spinal mets features: - Severe unremitting back pain, progressive back pain - Mechanical pain (aggravated by standing, sitting or moving) - Aggravated by straining - Night-time pain - Localised tenderness - Claudication Cord compression: - bladder / bowel dysfunction - gait disturbance - limb weakness - numbness, paraesthesia or sensory loss - radicular pain
39
Back pain red flags
Duration >6wks Age <18 Age >50 Trauma Cancer Fever, chills, night swats Weight loss PWID Immunocompromise Recent survey Night pain Mechanical pain Pain on straining Lower limb radiation Bowel/urinary symptoms Saddle paraesthesia Any near deficits
40
MSCC Ix
Bloods - Pre-op bloods - Bone profile - Tumour markers - Myeloma/PSA/TFT Imaging - CT CAP/Pet - MRI Spine Basics - ECG Grading - SINS - Tokuhashi
41
MSCC Mx
16mg Dex Stat, then 8mg BD PPI + Blood sugar monitoring Decompression: - Post: lami + rods/screws - Ant: corpectomy/ vertebrectomy + cage RT Post-op Supportive - Roll 2hrly - Reflexic bowel regime - Catheter - VTEp - Onc review Myeloma or breast -> bisphos
42
Canadian C-spine
43
Criteria for CTH Head injury
NG232 One Hour - GCS 12 or less - GCS <15 at 2 hours after the injury - suspected open/depressed skull # - sign of skull base fracture - post-traumatic seizure - focal neurological deficit - more than 1 vomiting Within 8 hrs - age 65+ - bleeding or clotting disorders - dangerous mechanism of injury - > 30 minutes' retrograde amnesia of events before injury
44
Shunt assessment
Check of setting CT Head Shunt series Palpation of reservoir Abdominal exam Fundoscopy
45
EICP Tiers
46
Basal cisterns
47
Define Spinal Stability
spine's ability under physiologic loads to limit patterns of displacement in order not to damage or irritate the spinal cord and nerve roots and to prevent incapacitating deformity or pain caused by structural changes
48
CPP Target in TBI
60-70 mmHg
49
ICP tiered management
Raised ICP should be managed in a tiered fashion. HoB elevated to 30 degrees, with the neck in midline, free from obstructions. Treatment should aim for normocapnea, normothermia, normal range saturations, and adequate analgesia. Should basic measures fail, osmotherapy and CSF diversion may be considered. Furthermore triple sedation can also be deepened to include three agents (fentanyl, propofol, midazolam) In refractive cases final tier options include decompressive craniotomy, barbiturate coma, and hyperventilation represent
50
SAH Sequlae
Hydrocephalus Rebleed Seizures DCI Myocardial stunning Pulmonary oedema Hyponatraemia Terson syndrome
51
When to screen relatives for aneurysms
people with at least 2 first-degree relatives (father, mother, sister or brother) who have had an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
52
MCA Decompression indications
Within 48 hours for people who meet all of the following criteria: clinical deficits in keeping w/ MCA NIHSS 15 decreased GCS infarct of min 50% of the MCA territory: - +/-ACA/PCA - OR infarct =greater than 145 cm3 on DWI

ST1 Rapid Fire (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions