Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Musculoskeletal > Clinical Anatomy > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy Flashcards

(126 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does a bump on a bone (i.e. the tibial tuberosity) signify?

A

It is a place for a muscle attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What parts of the pelvis often fracture in older patients with osteoporosis?

A

Pubic Ramus

Sacroiliac joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 3 compartments of the knee

A

1) Medial
2) Lateral
3) Patello-femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the ankle mortise and what does it hold in it?

A

Lateral malleolus (fibula)
Distal Tibia
Medial Malleolus

holds TALUS bone in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is Chopart’s joint located?

A

Between hindfoot and midfoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What joints in the foot are responsible for abduction/adduction?

A

joints between midfoot and forefoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

ring of cartilage that surrounds the acetabulum of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

A

Increases contact with the femoral head in the joint socket

=> joint is more stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of hip fracture is treated by replacement?

A

Intra-capsular

  • due to risk of avascular necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of hip fracture is treated by surgery and normal healing?

A

Extra-capsular

  • since blood supply is still intact it should heal relatively well
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What muscles are described as the Hip Flexors?

A

ILIACUS

PSOAS MAJOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the iliacus muscle attach to?

A

Origin: Iliac crest / inner aspect of ilium

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the psoas major muscle?

A

Origin: Transverse processes L1-L5

Insertion: Lesser trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In what patients does a psoas abscess usually present?

A

Immunocompromised

IVDU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do patients with a psoas abscess usually sit?

A

They dont like to extend their hip

=> they sit with it flexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles are thought of as secondary hip flexors?

A

RECTUS FEMORIS (1 of 4 heads of quadriceps)

SARTORIUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the rectus femoris attach to?

A

Origin: AIIS

Insertion: Tibia via patella tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the sartorius attach to?

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an avulsion fracture?

A
  • Injury to the bone in a location where a tendon or ligament attaches to the bone
  • tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of the bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do the hip adductors commonly originate, and where do they insert to?

A

Common origin: Inferior pubic rami

Insertion: Linea aspera
Pectineal line (P)
Tibia (G)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What muscles are classified as hip abductors?

A

GLUTEUS MINIMUS / MEDIUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do the gluteus minimus and medius originate and insert?

A

Origin: Iliac wing
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the tensor fascia lata?

A

Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: Lateral tibia via iliotibial tract (ITB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What muscle is classified as a hip extensor

A

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where does the gluteus maximus attach
Origin: Posterior aspect of ilium/ sacrum Insertion: Iliotibial tract
26
What actions do the hamstring muscles do?
hip extension | knee flexion
27
What muscles make up the hamstrings?
BICEPS FEMORIS SEMIMEMBRANOSUS SEMITENDINOSUS
28
Where does the biceps femoris attach to?
Origin: Long head: Ischial tuberosity Short head: Linea aspera Insertion: Fibula head
29
Where does the semimembranosus attach to?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Posterior tibia
30
Where does the semitendinosus attach to?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial tibia
31
What clinical pathologies are the hamstrings involved in?
Avulsion | Tears
32
What pathology usually presents with lateral hip pain?
Trochanteric bursitis
33
What is the function of the collateral ligaments around the knee?
Resist varus / valgus stresses at the knee joint VARUS stress = moving foot IN => stressing lateral collateral VALGUS stress = moving foot OUT => stressing medial collateral
34
What is the purpose of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Resists anterior translation and external rotation of the tibia on the femur
35
What is the purpose of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur
36
What are the most important functions of the meniscus in the knee?
- Load transfer (“shock absorbers”) - Increase femero-tibial conformity - Stabilise the knee during movement - Lubricate the knee
37
What injuries can present in the meniscus?
Bucket-handle tear | Radial transverse tear
38
What muscle group is responsible for knee extension?
QUADRICEPS MUSCLES - Rectus femoris - Vastus intermedius - Vastus medialis - Vastus lateralis
39
Where does the Rectus Femoris originate?
Origin: AIIS
40
Where do the vastus group of muscles originate?
Origin: Anterolateral prox. femur Origin: Medial edge linea aspera Greater troachanter Origin: Medial edge linea aspera Lesser troachanter
41
Where do the quadricep muscles commonly insert?
Tibia via PATELLAR TENDON
42
Explain the progression of structures through which the knee is extended
Quadriceps muscle Quadriceps tendon Patella Patella tendon Tibial tubercle
43
What factors may predispose to patellar instability
Genu valgum Femoral head anteversion Weak quadriceps (vastus medialis) Ligamentous laxity (more common in females)
44
What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep peroneal nerve
45
What is the nerve supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial peroneal nerve
46
What is the nerve supply to the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
47
What is the nerve supply to the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Medial sural cutaneous
48
What are the 2 branches of the common peroneal nerve?
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve divides to: - Superficial peroneal nerve - Deep peroneal nerve
49
What part of the foot does the superficial peroneal nerve supply?
most of dorsal surface of foot
50
What part of the foot does the deep peroneal nerve supply?
1st web | in between first two toes
51
What nerve is at risk in femoral neck fractures?
common peroneal (fibular) nerve
52
What muscles are responsible for ankle plantar flexion?
GASTROCNEMIUS: MEDIAL & LATERAL HEADS SOLEUS PLANTARIS
53
Where does the gastrocnemius originate?
Origin: Femoral condyles
54
Where does the soleus originate?
Origin: Broad area on posterior tibia/fibula
55
Where does the plantaris originate?
Origin: Lateral femoral condyle
56
What is the common insertion point of the muscles which plantar flex the ankle?
Calcaneus via ACHILLES TENDON
57
What muscle is responsible for dorsiflexing the ankle?
Tibialis anterior
58
Where does the tibialis anterior attach?
Origin: Lateral surface proximal tibia Insertion: Medial cuneiform Base 1st metatarsal
59
What ligaments are found medially and laterally at the ankle joint?
MEDIALLY: Deltoid ligament - anterior - medial - posterior LATERALLY: Lateral ligament complex
60
What structures support the medial arch?
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDON SPRING LIGAMENT (Calcaneonavicular)
61
Where does the tibialis posterior tendon attach to?
Origin: Posterior proximal tibia / fibula Insertion: Navicular / plantar surface of medial cuneiform
62
Where does the plantar tendon attach to?
Origin: Tuberosity of calcaneus Insertion: Heads of metatarsals
63
What clinical condition is most commonly associated with the plantar?
Plantar fasciitis
64
What is Pes Planus?
Flat foot
65
Describe what is meant by Pes Cavus?
"claw foot" | foot is abnormally arched (like a cave)
66
How does the arch of our foot make it more efficient?
Stores energy when weight is beared and foot flattens Releases energy when foot comes off of floor
67
What bone is the only one to connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton?
Clavicle
68
What ligaments rupture during an acromioclavicular joint dislocation?
``` Acromioclavicular ligament (rupture of this alone does not displace clavicle) ``` Coracoclavicular ligaments
69
What is the origini and insertion of the Trapezius muscle?
Origin: Spinous processes (C1→ T12) Insertions: Occiput and spine of scapula
70
What nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?
CN XI - Spinal accessory nerve
71
What is the function of the trapezius muscle?
Elevates and depresses scapula | Retracts scapula
72
What types of arthritis can be found in the glenohumeral joint?
Osteoarthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis
73
Why is the shoulder joint more likely to dislocate than the hip, even though both are ball and socket joints?
Glenohumeral joint = shallower | => greater range of movement but more unstable
74
What is the clinical term for frozen shoulder?
adhesive capsulitis
75
What is the purpose of the labrum in the glenohumeral joint?
Increases capture of the humeral head | => ↑ STABILITY
76
What type of labral tear occurs at the origin of the long head of biceps brachii?
SLAP tears | at supraglenoid tubercle
77
Where do BANKART labral tears usually occur?
Inferior anterior labrum usually from anterior movement of humerus pulling on labrum
78
Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles
Suprpaspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis
79
What is the origin and insertion of supraspinatus?
Origin: Supraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus
80
What nerve innervates supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C5 / C6)
81
What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?
``` Abducts arm (first 15 degrees until deltoid takes over) ```
82
What is the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?
Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus
83
What nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?
Suprascapular nerve (C5 / C6)
84
What is the main function of the infraspinatus muscle?
Externally rotates the arm
85
What is the origin and insertion of Teres Minor?
Origin: Dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus
86
What nerve innervates the Teres Minor?
Axillary nerve (C5 / C6)
87
What is the main function of Teres Minor?
Externally rotates the arm
88
What is the origin and insertion of subscapularis?
Origin: Anterior surface of scapula (Subscapular fossa) Insertion: Lesser tuberosity of humerus / shoulder capsule
89
What nerve innervates Subscapularis?
Upper & Lower subscapular nerve (C5 / C6)
90
What is the function of the subscapularis?
Internally rotates the arm
91
What area of the rotator cuff muscles is most susceptible to tears and impingement?
common insertion of the first three muscles: | => greater tuberosity of the humerus
92
Where do the three sections of the deltoid muscle originate from?
Clavicle Acromion Spine of scapula
93
What is the insertion of the deltoid muscle?
Deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus
94
What nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve (C5 / C6)
95
What is the main function of the deltoid muscle?
Abducts the arm | Takes over after the first 15 degrees from supraspinatus
96
Where do the long and short heads of the biceps brachii originate from?
SHORT head: Coracoid process | LONG head: Supraglenoid tubercle
97
Where does the tendon of biceps brachii insert?
Radial tuberosity
98
What nerve innervates the biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 / C6)
99
What are the main functions of the biceps brachii?
``` Supination of forearm Flexes elbow (most of this is done by Brachialis) ```
100
Where anatomically does tendonitis usually occur in the biceps tendon?
As it passes through bicipital groove and over the head of the humerus
101
What arthritis most commonly occurs in the elbow?
Osteoarthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis
102
Where in the elbow joint is commonly fractured?
Olecranon
103
What type of fracture at the elbow joint is more common in children?
supracondylar fractures
104
"students elbow" is the inflammation of what structure?
Olecranon bursa
105
What are the main ligaments which surround the elbow joint?
Medial (anterior and posterior parts) Lateral Annular (over radius)
106
Where do all of the forearm extensor muscles originate?
Lateral epicondyle
107
What is the common origin of all the forearm flexor muscles?
Medial epicondyle
108
The Radial head is found at the wrist joint. TRUE/FALSE
FALSE it is found at the elbow joint **the radial styloid is found at the wrist joint**
109
What shape do distal radius fractures usually make?
Dinner fork appearance
110
Where can a scaphoid fracture be palpated?
Anatomical snuff box
111
Where are the intrinsic muscles of the hand located and what is their function?
located within the hand | responsible for the fine motor functions of the hand
112
Where are the extrinsic muscles of the hand located and what is their function?
located in the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm control finger flexion and extension and movements of the wrist
113
Name the 3 thenar muscles and their innervation
1) OPPONENS POLLICIS 2) FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS 3) ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS Median nerve
114
What is the main hypothenar muscle and its innervation?
ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI **moves little finger** Ulnar nerve
115
What movement is carried out by the dorsal interossei muscles compared to the palmar interossei muscles?
Dorsal - ABduct (DAB) Palmar - ADduct (PAD)
116
How may lumbrical muscles do you have and what are they innervated by?
4 muscles Lateral 2 = Median nerve Medial 2 = Ulnar nerve
117
What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexes fingers at PIP joints
118
What muscle is responsible for flexing the fingers at the DIP joints
Flexor digitorum profundus
119
What is the function of pulleys in the digits?
anchors tendon to fingers for more efficient movement
120
What condition can result from hypertrophy and fibrosis of the palmar fascia?
Dupuytrens contracture
121
Why is the ulnar artery more important than the radial artery?
It can supply both palmar arches
122
Where on the hand should you test for median nerve sensation/ function?
Tip of index finger and base of thenar muscles
123
Where on the hand should you test for radial nerve sensation/ function?
Dorsum of 1st webspace
124
Where on the hand should you test for ulnar nerve sensation/ function?
Dorsum and volar aspects of little finger
125
What nerve is affected in cubital tunnel syndrome?
ulnar nerve **at elbow joint**
126
What is compression of the median nerve more commonly known as?
Carpal Tunnel syndrome

Musculoskeletal (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions