Clinical Approach to Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
(94 cards)
what is global developmental delay
this is a diagnosis that is given to someone when they meet the diagnostic criteria of intellectual disability disorder but they cannot be diagnosed as such due to confounds of any of the following below
-cannot participate in standardized assessment of intellectual functioning suck as deaf or blind
-too young to participate in standardized testing
-have an acquired illness or physical insult during the developmental period that could also disrupt normal development like a head injury
intellectual disability look for adaptive functioning deficits in what 3 areas:
- conceptual
- social
- practical
what is the conceptual deficit in intellectual disability?
reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning, learning from experience
what is the social deficit in intellectual disability
difficulty making friends and reading social cues, language is more concrete, difficulty controlling emotions and behaviors in social situations, easily manipulated
what is the practical deficit in intellectual disability?
difficulty in personal care, grocery shopping, transportation, home and child care, food preparation, will need help raising a family , making health care and legal decisions
in preschooler what signs/symptoms should you look for in intellectual disability?
language and pre-academic skills that are developing slowly
in school aged children what signs/symptoms should you be looking for in intellectual disability?
progress in reading, writing, mathematics, concepts of time/money lags behind
in adults what signs/symptoms are you looking for in intellectual disability?
academic skills at an elementary level, need of support in personal life and academic skills, care givers need to take over responsibilities fully for the person
what are the two commonly used diagnostic tools for intellectual disability
Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST)
Wechsier Intelligente Schale for Children 5th edition
What diagnostic tool assess four functions: gross motor, language, fine motor-adaptive, and personal social
-screening tool in primary care
(intellectual disability)
DDST- Denver developmental screening test
what diagnostic tool is an intelligence test that measures a Childs intellectual ability
-preformed by health services clinical psychologist
(intellectual disability)
Wechsier intelligence scale for children 5th edition
diagnostic tools used for intellectual disability makes a diagnosis based on _, not IQ scores
adaptive functioning
what are the 4 types of communication disorders?
- language disorder
- speech sound disorder
- social communication disorder
- childhood onset fluency disorder- stuttering
Language disorder has to do with the use of spoken _ , sign language, written words, and pictures
words
speech sound disorder has to do with the necessary articulation and resonance quality for speech _
sounds
social communication disorder has to do with verbal and non verbal behavior for _ _
social interaction
childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) has to do with the _ of patterns of speech sounds
fluency
what should you be looking for in a language disorder
difficulty with spoken, writing, and sign language due to reduced vocabulary, limited ability to put words and word ending together to form sentences
-language abilities that are below the expected age
-a genetic component that would predispose to the developmental disorder
-difficulty not due to a sensory, motor, neurologic reason
-foreign status
what should you be looking for in speech sound disorder ?
difficulty making speech sounds that are intelligible which will limit verbal communication
-difficulty making the correct sounds for consonants and vowels
- interferences with social participation, academic achievement, and occupational performance
-NOT attributable to congenital or acquired conditions like cerebral palsy or cleft palate, or foreign status
what are you looking for in Social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
difficulty with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
-sharing information as appropriate for the social setting
-speaking differently in the classroom than on –
-the playground
talking differently to an adult vs a child
- difficulty understanding inferences, idioms, humor, metaphors etc.
what are you looking for in childhood onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
difficulty with fluency and patterns of speech sound
-sound prolongations, pause within a word, audible silent pauses, word substation to avoid problematic words, words produced with excessive physical tension, monosyllabic whole word repetitions
this can cause anxiety about speaking and limits communication, participation, and academic performance
-NOT attributable to neurologic problem or another mental condition
Autism Spectrum Disorder what to look for (7 things)
- deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
- deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
3.deficits in developing, maintains, and understanding relationships - stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
- insistence on the sameness, routine, rituals
6.intense fixations on highly restricted range or interests - ABNORMAL REACTION TO SENSORY INPUT (sensory integration deficits)
examples of social-emotional reciprocity deficit in a kid with autism
failure of normal back and forth conversation
reduced sharing of interests, emotion, or affect
failure to initiate or response to social interactions
examples of non verbal communicative behaviors in social interaction deficits in a kid with autism
poorly integrated verbal and non verbal communication
lack of meaningful eye contact
limited use of body language/gestures/facial expression
