Clinical Assessment Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What sign is observed in the eyes that signifies anemia?
A
Pale palpebral conjunctiva
2
Q
Bilateral “peeling paint” os skin areas not exposed to sunlight
A
Flaky paint dermatitis
3
Q
Possible conditions associated with edema
A
- Albumin problems (liver)
- kidney damage: conentrating and diluting abilities are affected
4
Q
Very deep taking longer than 20 sec to rebound
A
4+ edema
5
Q
Signs frequently observed during inspection
A
- state of nutrition
- body habitus or sshape
- body size
- presence of asymmetry
- posture and gait
- speech
6
Q
Cuticle peel off/Maceration of cuticle
A
flaky nail
7
Q
Conducted by a medical doctor and uses an instrument to further assess a patient by listening to sounds produced by internal organs
A
auscultation
8
Q
Slight pitting without distortion, rapidly disappears
A
+1 edema/mild edema
9
Q
Deeper pit that takes a few seconds to rebound
A
+2 edema/moderate
10
Q
What signs are observed when assessing gums
A
- Spongy, bloody gums
- Pale gum color
11
Q
What signs are observed when assessing the teeth?
A
- tooth decay
- missing teeth
12
Q
4 Characteristics of Pellagra
A
- Dermatitis
- Diarrhea
- Dementia
- Death
13
Q
Visual examination of the patient for signs that are highly observable through the patient’s appearance
A
inspection
14
Q
Horizontal grooves/Line in nails
A
Beau’s/transverse line
15
Q
Conditions that cause clubbing of nails
A
- chronic hypoxia
- cancer: increased oxygen demand for cancer cells
16
Q
Possible Nutrient Causes of Mouth lesions
A
Vit B12, Vit A, Vit C deficiency
17
Q
Comes from the word sebum
A
Nasolabial seborrhea
18
Q
What is assessed when palpating along the mid axilliary line
A
- Prominence of the ribs and iliac crest
19
Q
Related health concerns in the mouth and their causes
A
- teeth problems: fluorine
- gums: collagen
- Pale insides of mouth: anemia
20
Q
Possible nutrient cause of pallor
A
Iron deficiency (cause IDA)
21
Q
Pale skin color
A
Pallor
22
Q
What conditions of the skin are observed or checked for during physical examination?
A
- Petechiae
- Dermatitis
- Pellagrous Dermatitis
- Flaky Paint Dermatitis
- Xerosis
- Pallor
- Non-healing wounds
- Nasolabial seborrhea
23
Q
What muscle is assessed in the hands?
A
Interosseus Muscle
24
Q
Possible nutrient cause of xerosis
A
Vitamin A deficiency
25
What signs are checked or looked for when assessing the back?
Prominence of scapula, spine, and ribs
26
How does diabetes cause non-healing wounds
- High blood glucose can damage nerve fibers, decreasing sensation which prevents immediate wound treatment
- Bacteria can use the excess blood glucose causing infection
27
Possible Nutrient Causes of Koilonychia
Iron, b12, Vit C deficiency
28
What is observed or check for when assessing the parotid gland
- enlargement
- tenderness/pain
29
what causes purple nail bed
Decreased oxygen delivery
30
Possible Nutrient Causes of Petechiae
Vitamin C deficiency, Vitamin K deficiency
31
Possible Nutrient Causes of Enlargement/Pain of the thyroid gland
Iodine deficiency
32
Somewhat deeper pit, distortion not easily apparent, disappears *10-25 sec* later
+2 edema/moderate
33
Hyperpigmentation of sunlight/trauma exposed areas
Pellagrous dermatitis
34
4-6 mm (depth of pit)
+3 edema/severe
35
What other non-nutrient causes of alopecia
Too much heat can dry hair and damage hair follicles
36
Conditions observed or checked on hair during physical examination
- Alopecia
- Lightened hair color
- Corkscrew Hair
37
How to check for tricep skinfold
- Ask patient to bend arm at 90 degree angle with upper arm perpendicular to the body
- If patient is unable to cooperate, bend the elbow at 90 degress and place forearm horizontally across the body
- Grasp the upper arm MIDWAY between shoulder and elbow
- Pull skin away from arm while wiggling slightly to separate fat from muscle
38
What sign should be observed when checking the chest muscles
- fullness
- firmness
- prominence of the clavicle
39
4 basic physical examinatiton techniques
- inspection
- palpation
- percussion
- auscultation
40
What causes spongy bloody gums
vitamin c deficiency due to lack of collagen
41
How to check for clubing of nails
When thumbs no longer have a space iin between when placed together
42
What do you call the corners of the eyes
Lateral Canthus
43
Barely ddetectable depression, immediate rebound
+1 edema/mild
44
6-8 mm (depth of pit)
4+ edema
45
How to check for pale palpebral conjunctiva?
Pull down lower eyelid--> if all white, it means a sign of anemia
46
What is checked when assessing the calves
gastrocnemius should be large
47
What muscle is palpated when assessing the chest
Pectoralis major
48
2-4 mm (depth of pit)
+2 edema/moderate
49
What muscles are palpated when assessing the back (2)
- Trapezius
- Latissius dorsi
50
T or F: Fat deposit in the tricep is normal
True
51
2 mm or less (depth of pit)
+1 edema/mild
52
Possible nutrient cause of corkscrew hair
Vitamin C deficiency
53
Very deep pittinh, extremity is grossly misshapen, indentation lasts *2-5 min*
4+ edema
54
Possible Nutrient Causes of Glossitis
Iron deficiency, Vitamin B2 deficiency, Vitamin B12 deficiency
55
Possible Nutrient Causes of Dermatitis
Vitamin B2 deficiency
56
What are being observed for on temples during physical examination
- depression
- hollowing
57
Possible Nutrient Causes of cheilosis
B2, zinc, B6 deficiencies
58
How is phenylalanine related to tyrosine deficiency?
Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine
59
small hemorrhagic spots
Petechiae
60
Nutrient cause of Pellagrous Dermatitis (Pellagra)
Niacin Deficiency
61
What tools are used to assess the mouth of a patient during physical examination
- Pen light
- Tongue Depressor
62
How long should you apply moderate pressure when assessing swelling of foot/lower extremities
5 seconds
63
What signs are checked or looked for when observing both eyes?
- Cracked or reddened corners
- Dull, Dry or rough sclera
64
What areas/organ are typically assessed through auscultation
- heart, chest, and abdomen
65
What causes pale gum color
Iron deficiency (anemia)
66
What medical condition is associated with corkscrew hair
Scurvy
67
What is observed or hecked for when assessing the thighs
- roundness/fullness of muscles
- prominence of patella
68
Two main factors observed when assessing edema in foot/lower extremities
- depth of depression
- refill time (in seconds)
69
Scaling around nostrils
Nasolabial serborrhea
70
What conditions are observed for when assessing the nails (7)
- Koilonychia
- Beau's/Transverse line
- Poor Blanching fo Nails
- Splinter hemorrhages
- Poor nail plate health
- Flaky nails
- Clubbing
71
Possible Nutrient Causes of Bitot's Spot
Vitamin A deficiency
72
Pale nail bed
Poor blanching of nails
73
What signs are checked or looked for when assessing the shoulders
- fullness
- firmness
- squaring of shoulders
74
What does "bilateral" mean in flaky paint dermatitis
dermatitis is observed in left and right areas of the body (ex. if on left shoulder, it is also on the right shoulder)
75
Noticeably deep pitting, entire extremity looks full, swollen; indentation can last longer than *1 min*
+3 edema/severe
76
What signs are observed or checked for on tongue
- Magenta/beefy red color
- Smooth, slick appearance
77
Unequal coloration of the nail bed
Poor nail plate health
78
What muscle is palpated when assessing the shoulders
Deltoid muscles
79
What are observe or checked for when assessing eyes?
- Darkness
- Hollowness
- Loose skin
80
Gray spongy spot/foamy areas on the white of the eye
Bitot's spot
81
Why does Vitamin A deficiency cause xerosis
Vitamin A is a regulator of the epithelium of the skin
82
Biggest salivary gland
Parotid gland
83
Where is parotid gland located
Below the ear
84
Oily skin around the nasal area
Nasolabial serborrhea
85
What muscle is assessed when checking the temples
Temporalis muscles
86
What signs are observed when assessing the lips
- cheilosis
- angular stomatitis
87
PPossible Nutrient Causes of Keratomalacia
Severe Vit A deficiency
88
What causes decreased melanin production?
Tyrosine/Phenylalanine deficiency
89
What color should be the sclera of the eyes?
White
90
Possible Nutrient Causes of Flaky Paint Dermatitis
PEM, Free fatty acid deficiency, Zinc deficiency
91
Possible nutrient causes of poor blanching of nails
Iron deficiency
92
A condition indicative of uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
Non-Healing Wounds
93
Hazy, dull, milky, opaque cornea (destruction of cornea)
Keratomalacia
94
Possible Nutrient Causes of Angular Stomatitis
Vit B2, Iron, B12 deficiency
95
Pit even more pronounced, taking about *10-12 sec* to rebound
+3 edema/severe
96
Use of sense of touch to feel for any abnormalities on an organ or body part
Palpation
97
Tongue inflammation, magenta in color
Glossitis
98
Nail plate eceeding 180 degrees
Clubbing
99
Possible Nutrient Causes of Alopecia
Vit B2 deficiency, Folate deficiency, Vit B12 deficiency
100
What is caused by injury to the nail
splinter hemorrhage
101
How to check for clubbing of nails
When thumbs no longer have a space iin between when placed together
102
What should be observed or checked for on the mucosa?
- Pallor
- Dryness
- Decreased Salivary flow
- Ulceration (Mucositis)
103
Hair thining or hair loss
Alopecia
104
Why does Vitamin A deficiency cause Bitot's spot
Vit A is responsible for the epithelialization of the eye
105
What condition is characterizd be enlarged thyroid
goiter
106
Dry scaly, flaky skin
xerosis
107
technique done by hitting or tapping an area to produce a sound
percussion
108
What is observe or checked for when assessing the thyroid gland
- enlargement
- tenderness/pain
109
Swollen, reddened skin with or without blistering
Dermatitis
110
areas in the lower extremities where the skin overlies a bone
- shin
- malleolus
- dorsum of the foot
111
Sign of depigmentation (melanin)
Lightened hair color
112
Spoon-shaped nails/Concaved nail
Koilonychia
113
Possible nutrient cause of nasolabial seborrhea
Vitamin B6 deficiency, zinc deficiency
114
What causes alopecia in males and why?
Caused by high testosterone as they age due to the increased celluular division of hair follicles, which reduces the life span of hair follicles causing hair thinning or hair loss
115
How to check/assess the hands?
Ask patient to make the "OK" sign with thumb and forefinger
116
What area around the eyes do you palpate for assessment?
Orbital Pads
117
What signs is checked or looked for whn assessing the lower legs/feet
- asymmetry
- swelling
118
No impression or distortion observed, bone structure easily identified
No edema
119
What signs are checked or looked for when assessing the back?
Prominence of scapula, spine, and ribs
120
Medical condition for decreased melanin production
Albinism
121
Bilateral cracks and redness of the lips
Angular stomatitis
122
What signs are observed in mucositis or mouth/tongue ulcers
Mouth lesions
123
What signs are typically assessed during palpation
- muscle and fat mass
- tenderness
- presence of edema
- abnormal masses
124
Degree or severity of muscle atrophy on temples due to age
Only mild
