Clinical Chemistry Flashcards
(42 cards)
comes from the greek word kline, meaning
“bed”
clinical
the science that deals with the elements,
their compounds and the chemical structure and
interaction of matter
chemistry
Study of biochemical processes associated with
health and disease
Clinical chemistry
few and scanty, indeed are the rays of light which chemistry has flung
on the vital mysteries
Robert James Graves (1796-1853)
complained that clinicians do not use their chemistry laboratory services except when needed for luxurious
embelishment for a clinical lecture
Max Josef von Pettenkofer (1818-1901)
First device to measure acidity of citrus fruits
pH meter
a device that would
automatically pipette a sample, add reagents to it,
mix and incubate the resulting solution and measure
the color change with a colorimeter
colorimeter
composed of solvent and solute. In a
solution, there is an even distribution of molecules or
ions throughout the solvent
solution
refers to the substance being dissolved which
maybe a solid, liquid or gas
Solute
refers to the substance in which the solute
is dissolved which most cases are liquids
Solvent
refers to the weight or volume of the solute
present in a specified amount of the solvent or a
solution
Concentration
amount of solute in a solution can be measured as a
percentage of the total volume of the solution
Percent solution
solution containing one gram molecular weight (one mole
of the solute in one liter solution) of the substance per liter
of the solution
The number of moles expressed per 1 liter of solution.
Molar Solutions (MOLARITY)
- one gram equivalent weight of solute in one liter of
solution - Gram equivalent weight is that weight in grams of an
element or compound which will combine with or
replace one gram of hydrogen - It has often been used in acid-base calculation
Normal Solutions (NORMALITY)
- Amount of solute per 1kg of solvent
- It is expressed as moles per kilogram (mol/kg) or
weight/weight
molality
most common way of expressing electrolytes
the equivalent weight expressed in milligrams.
MILLIEQUIVALENTS
- In the molar, normal, or percentage solutions,
the amount of solute contained in a given
volume of solution is equal to the product of
volume times the concentration
Dilution
These chemicals are sufficiently pure to be used in
many analyses in the clinical laboratory
Chemically Pure (CP) Grad
These reagents meet the specifications stated in USP and NF.
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and
National Formulary (NF) Grade
These chemicals may be used as starting
materials for synthesis of other chemicals
of greater purity but generally should not
be used in the clinical laboratory
Purified, Practical of Pure
Grade
These chemicals are used only for
industrial purposes and are generally
not used in the preparation of
reagents for the clinical laboratory
Technical or Commercial
Grade
¢Used for test methods requiring minimum
interference.
¢For procedures that require maximum water impurity
for accuracy and precision.
¢Uses: flame photometry, AAS, blood gases and pH
enzyme studies. Electrolyte testing, HPLC, trace metal
and iron studies
Type 1 reagent water
- For hematology, microbiology ,immunology
and chemistry. - Acceptable for preparation of reagents and
quality control materials.
Type II reagent Water
- Urinalysis, parasitology and histology
- For washing glasswares.
Type III Reagent water
