Clinical Chemistry Study Guide Flashcards
(33 cards)
Explain what end-point photometric assay is
- Beers law states that there is a mathmatical relationship between absorbance and concentraion
1. Endpoint Photometric assay reactions are allowed to react until all reactant is depleted and the absorbance is stable (the reaction is complete)
*Used for all Tests on C side except electrolytes*
Explain what immunoassay is
how does it apply to our lab?
what sort of modification does the I side make to this?
how does the I side work?
- The I side and some Kit testing (RPR, rapid streps, etc.)
- the I side uses CMIA (chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay
- paramagnetic microparticles are coated with capture molecules
- specific to the analyt being measured
- goes through a series of incupation and wash steps
- until the chemi luminesent acridinium labeled conjugate is added
- binds to the immune complex
- then a trigger solution is added that interacts with the conjugate and relases light
- paramagnetic microparticles are coated with capture molecules
electrochemistry
where is this done in the lab?
what is the principle behind it?
- Blood gas analyzer and ICT module
- ICT module-processes the C and I side uses to obtain milivolt readings from ref. sol. and then converts them to assay specific analyte concentrain
- Blood gas- (see Blood gas card)
Carbohydrates
- body’s main source of energy
- sugars
Glucose
where is it tested?
what is the referance range?
what is Glycolysis?
what hormones are related to glucose and how so they affect its concentration?
- tested on the c8000 and blood
- 70-99 mg/dl
- glycolysis- conversion of glucose into ATP(energy)
- insuline- primary hormone responsible for glucose uptake by cells(decrease)
- released when blood glucose is high
- Glucagon- hormone responsible for increasing plasma glucose
Glucose Tolerance Test
- mainly used for Gestational diabetes
- involves drawing a fasting blood specimen followed by ingestion of 75g oral dose of glucose w/ in a 5 min period
- blood specimen are taken at time intervals and tested for glucose
- nondiabetic- peak glucose at 30-60 min and drop after
- diabetic- peak glucose after 30-60 min and remain high
Lipids
What are they?
why are they important?
Why does the Lab Measure?
how does our lab run them?
- include fats, steriods and other fatty acids
- important for energy, cell structure and insulation (maintain body heat)
- evaluate dyslipidemia-(associated with antherosclerosis and CVD)
- All run on C-side
Cholesteral
what is it?
how is it transported?
how are these levels altered?
- is a sterol, that is an important constituent of cell membrains and precursor of hormones
- serum cholesterol is transported through blood by LDL and HDL
- genetic defects in the liver or by lack of apo B receptor
Triglycerides
what are they?
how are these altered?
- made of fatty acids and glycerol
- provides energy to cells as they lose there fatty acids and form ATP
- insulates organs through fat depositis
- mostly altered by diet but can be effected by diabetes or pancreatits
LDL
what is it ?
How is it calculated?
where does it go?
- Bad Lipoprotein serves as a transport vehicle for cholesterol
- calculated by Total Cholesterol-((HDL + Triglyceride)/5)
- moves Cholesteral from Liver to Tissue
HDL
what is it ?
How is it measured?
Where does it go?
what does it mean when its absent?
- Good Lipoprotien responisble for transporting Cholesterol
- involes percipitation of LDL and VLDL followed by measurement of HDL in supernatant
- from tissue to liver
- Tangier disease
Enzymes
where are they measured in the lab?
Produced by my many different tissues throughout the body
C side
Body Fluids?
any special precautions when preparing body fluids?
- carrasels should be capped when spin down (prevent airosals)
endocrinology (hormones)
what types of hormones are there (4) and what do they do?
what is the Master gland?
Releasing hormones – From the hypothalamus
•Promote secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
Inhibitory hormones – from hypothalamus or GI tract
•Suppress secretion of specific hormones
Tropic hormones – stimulate the growth and activity of other endocrine glands
Effector hormones – hormones secreted by endocrine glands other than hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
endocrinology
TSH
type?
what organ releases it?
what does it do?
How is it regulated?
- Tropic Hormone
- released by anterior pituitary gland
- regulates production of T3 /T4 from thyroid
- negative feedback (^T3/T4)->(decrease TSH)
what hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?
- TSH
- ACTH
- FSH
- LH
- (more)
- What autoimmune disease causes a form Hypothyroidism?
- what autoimmune disease causes a form of Hyperthyroidism?
- Hashimoto’s Disease
- Grave’s Disease
Cortisol
what organ releases this?
what does it do?
- Adrenal
- it is responsible for metabolism,Stimulates Erythropoises Suppresses immune system, increases BP,
Cushings Syndrome
what is this?
what do you expect to be elevated?
- Hyperadrenalism
- ***Increase in Cortisol***
- increase in ACTH
Addison Disease
what is it?
what do you expect for lab results?
- Hypoadrenalsim
- decreased cortisol
- ***no cortisol produced in response to increase ACTH***
what are the Reporductive Hormones?
- FSH
- LH
- Testosterone
- Progesterone
- Estrogen
FSH and LH
what do they do (gender)?
where are they released?
- FSH In Men Induces Spermetogensis, LH Production of testosterone
- FSH In Women induces ovum growth, LH releas of Ovum
- Anterior Pituitary
co-oximetry
what is it/where is it found?
what does it do/used for?
- unit on blood gas analyzer that hemolyzes blood
- used for measuring
- hemoglobin
- carbonmonoxide
- Tbil
- calculating % Oxhemoglobin
TDM & Toxicology
what drugs are we testing for?
where are these run?
- mostly anticonvulsants
- run on I side
- include: gentamycin, tobramycin, (see scroll)
- barbriphenatol
- phenatoin
- (see scroll)
