Clinical Chemistry Unit 1/2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Clinical Chemistry can aid the health care professional in…
- Determining the definitive diagnosis
- Evaluating the severity of the disease (prognosis)
- Monitoring the effectiveness of therapy
- Screening for potential health risk
- Provide insight as to the pathophysiology of the disease
- In research
What are the steps of the patient care cycle?
- Patient is aware in state of health
- Examined by clinician
- Clinician seeks objective data.
- The lab
- diagnosis and treatment
What types of diagnosis are there?
Differential diagnosis, provisional diagnosis, definitive diagnosis
What is a differential diagnosis?
A differential diagnosis is a list of the most probable diseases that could give rise to a patients S&S
What is a provisional diagnosis?
A provisional diagnosis is the “best guess” based on pattern recognition and clinician experience
What is a definitive diagnosis?
A definitive diagnosis is established with data obtained from lab tests, biopsy, radiology
What is hematology?
The science which deals with the morphology of blood and blood-forming tissues.
What is microbiology?
The science that deals with the study of micro-organisms. Subsections include parasitology, virology, and mycology
What is Immunohematology?
The science that deals with blood components and blood typing for the purposes of transfusion.
What is histology?
The science that deals with the structure, composition and function of tissue at the cellular level.
What is cytology?
The science that deals with the study of cells, their origin and structure.
What quality assurance strategies/procedures are implemented in the laboratory to accept or reject a test result?
lab tests its machines regularly. A machine has to be running accurately for at least a month before it is used for diagnostic purposes.
What are the three phases of the testing cycle?
Pre-analytical, analytical, and post analytical.
What is the pre-analytical phase?
Stuff you do to the client before it gets to the lab. container sample went into, the way you draw the blood, temperature its stored at, exposure to light, duration of transit,.
What is the Analytical phase?
The testing completed at the laboratory. Implement a quality control system for each test to monitor accuracy.
Evaluates the patient test results with other tests and any previous tests
What is the post analytical phase?
After the lab results have been received. Error is misinterpretation of results.
What is quality control?
The quality control system in clinical chemistry is the precesion, and accuracy of all of the analytical procedures
What is accuracy?
The accuracy of a method is established by comparing patient test results, performing recovery studies (linearity), and participating in external proficiency testing programs (Provincial regulation)
What is Precision?
Determined by analyzing the same control or controls by the same method over a determined period of time
How large must a test number be?
no less than 100
What are Discriminator Values?
Discriminator values are reference values determined by studying patient test results in a patient population with a specific disease.
What is the “reference interval or range”?
A set of values of a certain type of quantity from an individual or group of individuals corresponding to a stated description.
Explain the meaning of normal range as it relates to medical tests.
A normal range is established for tests that have numerical results. Normal range is defined by statistical methods to include 95% of test results in a population of healthy persons. It follows that 5% or healthy persons will have abnormal results.
What is Sensitivity?
sensitivity = (TP/(TP+FN)) x100
Ability of the test to correctly ID those who have the disease. Gives you an idea about % of times that the test will give you a false negative.
