Clinical Correlates Anatomy Lab Flashcards
(37 cards)
Exhalation/exhaled rib
Moves freely in exhalation and is restricted in inhalation
Inhalation/inhaled rib
Moves freely in inhalation and is restricted in exhalation
If pectoralis minor were irritated or shortened, ribs __________ would be pulled _________ and would represent an ___________ somatic dysfunction
2-5; superiorly; inhalation
How does lung carcinoma spread?
Pulmonary lymphatic system»medially along bronchi»lymphatics along trachea»brachiocephalic or subclavian vv
What can happen as a result of mediastinal nodes swelling adjacent to the aortic arch?
Pressure on left recurrent laryngeal nerve»paralyzing left larynx»hoarseness in pt
Pneumothorax
Presence of gas/air in pleural space between the visceral and parietal pleura
Where is a foreign object most likely to go if it is inhaled?
Right primary bronchus due to its vertical trajectory
What most likely happens if the tracheal tube is inserted past the carina?
It will enter the right main bronchus and only the right lung will receive ventilation
Pulmonary embolism
Acute SOB and reduced blood perfusion may be due to a blockage of a portion of the pulmonary a. caused by traveling blood clots (usually from venous system to right side of the heart into pulmonary arteries)
What’s the long-range danger of a pulmonary embolism and what often saves this from happening?
Necrosis of the blocked artery causing a pulmonary infarction; bronchial arteries usually saves this due to its supply to the bronchi
Why don’t pulmonary infections like pneumonia spread unchecked?
The lobar and segmental organization of the lungs prevent this
What is the parietal and visceral pleura derived from?
Mesodermal cells
What are the lungs and trachea derived from?
Endoderm (anterior growth of foregut tube)
What is the function of surfactant?
Lines the alveoli and prevents collapse of the alveoli
What nerve roots supply the phrenic nerve?
C3, C4, C5
Right dominant heart
Right coronary artery feeds into posterior interventricular artery
Left dominant heart
Left coronary artery feeds into posterior interventricular artery
Most commonly occluded artery in MI
Anterior interventricular branch (LAD)
Cardiomegaly
Enlarged heart; basis of it is inefficiency (heart attempts to compensate by thickening the walls)
What is the problem with the heart compensating in cardiomegaly?
The heart enlarges inward as well as outward so you have a reduced volume of blood with each cycle
Valve regurgitation
AV, pulmonary, and aortic valves can develop gaps that allow regurgitation of blood; Can be detected with a stethoscope based on the turbulence it creates
Valve stenosis
AV, pulmonary, aortic valves can fail to separate completely, creating an abnormally narrow opening and impeding blood flow
Common finding with valve stenosis
Enlargement of the chamber that is attempting to push past the stenotic valve
If the tricuspid valve (right AV) was stenotic, which chamber would be enlarged?
Right atrium
