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Gastrointestinal II Exam #1 > Clinical Etc. > Flashcards

Clinical Etc. Flashcards

1
Q

When would you see hypocalcemia in GI cases?

A

Acute pancreatitis (saponification)

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2
Q

When would you see decreased fecal chymotrypsin?

A

Chronic pancreatitis

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3
Q

Major cause of death with infection

A

Dehydration

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4
Q

Vomiting is more common in which kinds of bacteria?

A

Bacteria that produce toxins

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5
Q

Abdominal pain is more common in what kind of pathogens?

A

Entero-adherent pathogens

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6
Q

What microbes are detected in a routine stool culture? (4)

A

Salmonella

Shigella

E. coli

Campylobacter

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7
Q

Cornerstones of diagnosis of infectious diarrhea:

A

Microbial analysis of stool

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8
Q

Test for C. diff

A

Stool immunoassay for C diff PCR/toxin

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9
Q

Undercooked hamburger

A

EHEC

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10
Q

Fried rice

A

Bacillus cereus

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11
Q

Potato salad, mayo or cream pastries

A

Staph aureus

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12
Q

Eggs

A

Salmonella

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13
Q

Lunch meat

A

Listeria

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14
Q

Seafood

A

Cholera

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15
Q

Morphology of S. aureus

A

G+ cocci in clusters (grapes)

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16
Q

SX of S. aureus infection

A

N/V

Watery diarrhea

Rapid onset within 6 hrs.

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17
Q

Morphology of B. cereus

A

G+ rods with preformed enterotoxins

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18
Q

SX of B. cereus infection

A

Vomiting (main symptom)

Watery diarrhea

Rapid onset within 6 hrs.

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19
Q

Morphology of C. perfringens

A

G+, heat-resistent, spore-forming rod with pre-formed enterotoxins

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20
Q

Beef, ham, poultry, legumes, gravy

A

C. perfringens

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21
Q

Morphology of Shigella

A

G- rod with Shiga toxin

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22
Q

SX of Shigella

A

Dysentery (may have pus)

Abdominal cramps

Fever for 3-4 days

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23
Q

DX of Shigella (2)

A

Fecal leukocytes (+)

Stool cultures

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24
Q

Lettuce, raw veggies

A

Shigella

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25
Q

2 major Shigella complications

A

Reactive arthritis

HUS

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26
Q

Salmonella morphology

A

G- rod

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27
Q

SX of Salmonella

A

Watery -> bloody diarrhea

Fever, cramps, N/V

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28
Q

Salmonella infects…

A

Peyer’s patches

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29
Q

Complications of Salmonella

A

Septic arthritis

Abscess

Osteomyelitis

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30
Q

Can remain in the Gb in a carrier state

A

Salmonella typhi

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31
Q

2 symptomatic phases

A

Salmonella typhi

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32
Q

Eggs, poultry, reptiles

A

Salmonella typhimurium

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33
Q

Associated with Sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella typhimurium

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34
Q

Campylobacter jejuni morphology

A

G- curved/spiral-shaped rod

with a cork-screw motion

35
Q

SX of C. jejuni

A

Watery -> bloody diarrhea

Fever

Crampy abdominal pain

Erythema nodosum

36
Q

Requires blood agar to culture

A

C. jejuni

37
Q

Poultry, contaminated water

A

C, jejuni

38
Q

Guillan-Barre syndrome is a complication

A

C. jejuni

39
Q

Freshwater fish

A

Aeromonas hydrophila

40
Q

Risk factors for Aeromonas hydrophila

A

Eating fish

Open wounds in the water

41
Q

ETEC is most common cause of:

A

Traveler’s diarrhea

42
Q

ETEC morphology

A

G- rod

43
Q

SX if ETEC

A

Watery diarrhea

N/V

Occasional fever

Sudden onset

44
Q

Dx of ETEC

A

Clinical Dx

45
Q

Morphology of EHEC

A

G- rod w/ Shiga-like toxin

46
Q

Only give ABX in severe cases of _______, because they increase the risk of ________

A

EHEC, HUS

47
Q

Most common complication of EHEC

A

HUS (most common in kids treated w/ abx)

48
Q

Iron-overload syndromes are a risk factor

A

Yersinia

49
Q

Listeria morphology

A

G+ rod

50
Q

SX of Listeria infection

A

Non-bloody diarrhea

Fever, HA, N/V

51
Q

Required to Dx Listeria

A

Blood cultures

52
Q

Predilection for pregnant women

A

Listeria

53
Q

Tropheryma whipplei morphology

A

G+ bacillus, non-acid-fast

54
Q

SX of Whipple’s disease (5)

A

Arthralgias

Wt. loss

Malabsorption

Chronic diarrhea

Cardic abnormalities

55
Q

Dx of Whipple’s disease

A

Endoscopy w/ duodenal bx

PAS w/ +Mo

56
Q

Toxic megacolon is a complication of:

A

C diff

57
Q

Most common cause of acute diarrhea in infants <2 y/o

A

Rotavirus

58
Q

SX of Rotavirus

A

Vomiting

Watery diarrhea

59
Q

Dx of Rotavirus

A

Virul culture or PCR

60
Q

“Wagon wheel” appearance on EM

A

Rotavirus

61
Q

SX of Adenovirus

A

Fever

Watery diarrhea and vomiting

Conjunctivitis

Pharyngitis

62
Q

RNA virus

A

Norovirus

63
Q

Most common cause of dysentery in the world:

A

E. histolytica

64
Q

SX of E. histolytica

A

Bloody diarrhea

If penetrating to the portal system, may have liver asbcesses

65
Q

“Flask-shaped” ulcer on histology

A

E. histolytica

66
Q

2 complications of E. histolytica

A

Toxic megacolon

Pneumatosis coli

67
Q

Swimming pools

A

Cryptosporidium

68
Q

Type of diarrhea in Cryptosporidium infection

A

Watery diarrhea - large vol.

69
Q

Dx of Cryptosporidium

A

Stool Ag or microscopy

Modified acid-fast, DFA

70
Q

Resistent to Cl- treatment

A

Cryptosporidium

71
Q

Patients with HTLV-1 infection are at a higher risk of:

A

Strongyloides

72
Q

Route of infection for Strongyloides

A

Through bare feet in contamined soil

73
Q

Ascaris lumbircoides is AKA a…

A

Hookworm/whipworm

74
Q

A. lumbricoides infection may cause…

A

Bowel obstruction because they can get massive

75
Q

From fish and can cause a Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Diphyllobothrium latum - fish tapeworm

76
Q

Freshwater snails

A

Schistosoma mansoni

77
Q

Bloody stools

Bladder cancer

Liver cysts

A

Schistosoma

78
Q

2nd leading cause of esophageal varices in Africa

A

Schistosoma

79
Q

Taenia solium is from:

Taenia saginata is from:

Both are what kind of parasites?

A

Undercooked pork

Undercooked beef

Tapeworms

80
Q

Free-flowing “hydatid sand” on CT

A

Echinococcus granulosus

81
Q

2 bugs that are not killed by EtOH gels

A

Norovirus

C diff

82
Q

4 bugs that can cause reactive arthritis

A

Salmonella

Campylobacter

Shigella

Yersinia

83
Q

Diarrhea/stool type found in SI vs. colon infection

WBC in stools?

A

SI - watery, no WBC

Colon - bloody, yes WBC

84
Q

IgA deficiency is associated with…

A

Giardia

Gastrointestinal II Exam #1 (19 decks)

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