Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro 2 (Mo) > Clinical Evaluation of the Spine and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Clinical Evaluation of the Spine and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

UMN

A

Immediate muscle weakness and hypotonia, hyporeflexia or areflexia (“Spinal Shock”)

Followed by spasticity and HYPERreflexia in days to weeks (including extensor plantar response: Babinski’s sign)

SPASTIC PARESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LMN

A

Muscle weakness, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, areflexia are all immediate and long-lasting
FLACCID PARESIS
FASCICULATIONS
ATROPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Paresthesia,

A

An abnormal sensation, can include burning, pricking, tickling, or tingling. Sometimes characterized as “pins and needles”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Myelopathy

A

Disorder resulting in spinal cord dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Sensory and/or motor dysfunction due to injury to a nerve root.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myotome,

A

Muscles innervated by an individual motor root.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dysesthesia,

A

Impairment of sensation short of anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dermatome,

A

Cutaneous area served by an individual sensory root.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypoesthesia

A

decreased sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

excessive sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anesthesia

A

loss of sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Paresthesia

A

numbness, tingling, burning sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dysesthesia

A

numbness, tingling, burning sensation, but usually when this is more unpleasant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Paresis

A

decreased strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Plegia

A

complete loss of strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

C5 dermatome

A

typically covers back of shoulder and lateral arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C6 dermatome

A

typically covers thumb, usually second digit too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

C7 dermatome

A

usually covers third digit (middle finger)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T4 dermatome**

A

nipple line**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T6 dermatome**

A

xyphoid process**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T10 dermatome**

A

umbilicus**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

L4 dermatome:

A

Typically kneecap, medial leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

L5 dermatome

A

dorsum of foot, great toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

S1 dermatome:

A

lateral foot, small toe, sole of foot.

25
Q

Lhermitte’s sign

Pain

A

Evidence of cervial mylophathy

26
Q

Spurling’s sign

Pain

A

shock- narrowing- (+foraminal compression test)

27
Q

Lasegue’s sign

Pain

A

+straight leg raising test, SLR

shooting pain down sciatic

28
Q

Assessment of Pain (and most other symptoms)

A 
Location
Quality
Quantity (0-10, VAS)
Time Course (Tempo!)
Aggravating and Alleviating factors
29
Q

conus medullaris syndrome

A

x

30
Q

cauda equina syndrome

A

surgical emergency

31
Q

C1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 roots exit ___________ same numbered vertebra (e.g. C7 ______ C7).

A

above

32
Q

C8 below C7 and all other roots exit _________– same numbered vertebra (e.g. T1 exits ____T1).

A

below

33
Q

the tip of cord; supplies bladder, rectum, & genitalia

A

The Conus medullaris (S3-S5)

34
Q

(Horse’s tail) is formed by the LS roots within the lumbosacral cistern

A

The Cauda equina

35
Q

Lower cervical: vertebra # overlies cord segment # + ____

A

+1

C6 bone, C7 cord

36
Q

Upper thoracic: vertebra # overlies cord segment # + ____

A

+2 (T4 bone, T6 cord)

37
Q

Lower thoracic/lumbar: vertebra # overlies cord segment # _____

A

+2- 3

T 11bone, L1-2 cord

38
Q

Lower edge of the L1 vertebral body overlies the:

A

cord tip (conus medullaris)

39
Q

Know everthing about:

A

c5,c6, c7

L4, L5, s1

40
Q

typically covers thumb, usually second digit too.

A

C6 dermatome

41
Q

usually covers third digit (middle finger)

A

C7 dermatome:

42
Q

typically covers back of shoulder and lateral arm

A

C5 dermatome

43
Q

Typically kneecap, medial leg

A

L4 dermatome:

44
Q

dorsum of foot, great toe

A

L5 dermatome:

45
Q

lateral foot, small toe, sole of foot.

A

S1 dermatome:

46
Q

Disk herniation in ____ usually does not affect the exiting nerve root

A

Lumbar

Herniation will affect the one below

L4 herniation will impinge L5 nerve root

47
Q

Motor
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
biceps

A

C5

Reflex
biceps

48
Q

Motor

Wrist extens, biceps

A

C6

reflex
Biceps, brachiorad

49
Q

Motor

Triceps

A

C7

reflex: Triceps

50
Q

Motor

Psoas, Quads

A

L4

51
Q

Foot dorsiflexion, big toe extension, foot eversion and inversion

A

L5

52
Q

Foot plantarflexion

A

S1

reflex
achilles

53
Q

Bowel Bladder and sexual fx

A

can be an indication of severity

Incontinence occurs when neural pathways that innervate the bladder are interrupted or when there are physical problems with the pelvic floor and sphincter muscles. Incontinence is an important symptom, and if it occurs in association with other neurological deficits that localize to the spinal cord, this needs to be investigated aggressively.

54
Q

detrusor (smooth) muscle, activated by the preganglionic parasympathetic outflow from the___________

A

S2-S4 segments.

55
Q

The involuntary (smooth) sphincter, controlled by sympathetic outflow from the:

A

T10-L2 segments of the spinal cord

56
Q

Skeletal muscle of the pelvic floor, innervated by alpha motor neurons from the

A

S2-S4 segments.

57
Q

When the parasymp LMN are injured or their axons compressed /disrupted.

lesion results in weakness, atrophy, and hyporeflexia. The bladder does not contract and, if the sensory afferents are affected, no sensation of a full bladder will be perceived.

There may be overflow incontinence when the bladder cannot physically hold any more urine.

A

Flaccid Bladder:

58
Q

Descending pathways involved in bladder control are cut or otherwise injured (must be injured bilaterally to yield deficit)

There is initial flaccidity of the bladder, and with time, spasticity can develop and the bladder contracts with small degrees of stretch.

This causes urinary frequency and urgency.

A

Spastic Bladder:

59
Q

Damage to the descending tracts can also produce problems with coordination between the sympathetic outflow (which must be inhibited during voiding) and parasympathetic outflow (which must be activated).

If the detrusor and involuntary sphincter contract simultaneously, a condition known as detrusor dyssynergia can develop, leading to high bladder pressures and ureteral reflux with potential for kidney damage.

A

Spastic Bladder:

Neuro 2 (Mo) (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions