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MHD > Clinical ID Overview > Flashcards

Clinical ID Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses

A

poliovirus-

poliomyelitis

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2
Q

Chlamydiae

A

Chlamydia trachomatis-trachoma

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3
Q

Rickettsiae

A

Rickettsia prowazekii- typhus fever

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4
Q

Mycoplasmas

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae- atypical pneumonia

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5
Q

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria

A

staphylococcus epidermidis-wound infection

vibriocholerae- cholera

streptococcus pneumoniae-pneumonia

mycobacterium tuberculosis-tuberculosis

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6
Q

Fungi imperfecti

A

trichophyton sp- tinea pedis

candida albicans- thrus

sporothrix schenckii-sporotrichosis

histoplasma capsulatum- histoplasmosis

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7
Q

Protozoa

A

Giardia lambia-Giardiasis

Trypanosoma gambiense- sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma cruzi - Chagas disease

Leishmania donovani-Kala-azar

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8
Q

Helminths

A

Enterobius vermicularis-oxyuriasis

Wucheria bacrofi-filariasis

Trichinella spiralis- Trichinosis

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9
Q

Polio would most appropriately be classified as…

A

Virus

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10
Q

Trachomatis would most appropriately be classified as…

A

chlamydiae

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11
Q

Prowazekii would most appropriately be classified as…

A

Rickettsiae

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12
Q

Pneumoniae would most appropriately be classified as…

A

mycoplasma (if mycoplasma pneumoniae)

or

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria (if streptococcus pneumoniae)

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13
Q

Staphylococcus epidermisdis would most appropriately be classified as…

A

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria

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14
Q

Vibrio cholerae would most appropriately be classified as…

A

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria

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15
Q

Tuberculosis would most appropriately be classified as…

A

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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16
Q

Trichophyton sp. would most appropriately be classified as…

A

fungi imperfecti

17
Q

Candida albicans would most appropriately be classified as…

A

fungi imperfecti

18
Q

Sporothrix schenkii would most appropriately be classified as…

A

fungi imperfecti

19
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum would most appropriately be classified as…

A

fungi imperfecti

20
Q

Giardia lambia would most appropriately be classified as…

A

protozoa

21
Q

Trypanosoma gambiense would most appropriately be classified as…

A

protozoa

22
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi would most appropriately be classified as…

A

protozoa

23
Q

Leishmania donovani would most appropriately be classified as…

A

protozoa

24
Q

Enterobius vermicularis would most appropriately be classified as…

A

helminths

25
Q

Wucheria bancrofi would most appropriately be classified as…

A

helminths

26
Q

Trichinella spiralis would most appropriately be classified as…

A

helminths

27
Q

List the human host barriers to infection.

A

Intact host skin & mucosal surfaces

Secretory-excretory products
ex. lysozyme in tears acid in stomach

Breeches to Host Barriers

  • Commensal skin bacteria (low virulence) cause infections when enter through cuts, burns, etc.
  • Respiratory, GI, urogenital infections caused by virulent organisms penetrating intact mucosal barriers
28
Q

Describe the mechanisms of bacteria-induced injury.

A
  1. Bacterial Virulence
    - Depends on ability of bacteria to adhere, invade, & deliver toxic moieties
  2. Bacterial Adherence
    a. Adhesins are bacterial surface molecules that bind to host cells (Fig. 8-2)
    - lipoteichoic acids, M proteins of S. pyogenes
    - Fimbriae or pili on surface of gram-negative bacteria

b. Entry into macrophages – directed by receptors that recognize antibodies or complement on surface of bacteria
c. Entry into epithelial cells – dependent on interactions between bacterial surface and epithelial cell receptor such as integrins

  1. Bacterial Endotoxin
    Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): structural component of outer cell wall in gram negative bacteria; induces host cytokine release to cause fever, activate macrophages and B cells
  2. Bacterial Exotoxins
    - Toxins released by bacteria that interfere with cellular metabolism and allow bacteria to outgrow competing bacteria (ex. Diphtheria toxin, Vibrio cholera toxin, anthrax toxin)
29
Q

Identify microbial pathogens that exhibit significant antigenic variation.

A

Rhinoviruses- colds
Influenza virus- influenza

N. gonorrhoeae- gonorrhea

Borrelia hermsii- Relapsing fever

Borrelia burgdorferi- Lyme disease

Trypanosoma brucei- African sleeping sickness

Giardia lamblia -Giardiasis

Plasmodium falciparum- severe malaria

30
Q

Give one example of a microorganism that would cause each of the five types of inflammatory responses to infection.

A

A. Suppurative (Polymorphonuclear) Inflammation (caused by pyogenic bacteria…pneumococcal pneumonia)

B. Mononuclear and Granulomatous Inflammation (secondary syphilis)

C. Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation (herpesvirus blister)

D. Necrotizing Inflammation (necrotizing fasciitis caused by Group A streptococcus)

E. Chronic Inflammation and Scarring (ex. schistosome eggs - Schistosoma Haematobium)

31
Q

Describe 3 classes of Helminthes and give an example of each.

A

Roundworms (nematodes): collagenous tegument and non-segmented structure (hookworms & Trichinella)

Flatworms (cestodes): gutless worms, heads sprout a ribbon of flat segments (tapeworms)

Flukes (trematodes): primitive leaflike worms with syncytial integument (schistosomes)

32
Q

What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by a Herpes blister on the mucosa?

A

cytoproliferative inflammation

33
Q

What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by increased vascular permeability and leukocytic infiltration by neutrophils as in pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

suppurative (polymorphonuclear) inflammation

34
Q

What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by secondary syphilis with perivascular infiltrate and endothelial proliferation?

A

mononuclear and granulomatous inflammation

35
Q

What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by inclusion bodies (CMV)?

A

Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation

36
Q

What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by polykaryons following cell fusion (measles)?

A

Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation

37
Q

What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by morphologic lesions as seen in venereal warts/HPV?

A

Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation

38
Q

What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by dysplastic changes and cancer?

A

Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation

MHD (6 decks)

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