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Clinical ID Overview Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

Viruses

A

poliovirus-

poliomyelitis

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2
Q

Chlamydiae

A

Chlamydia trachomatis-trachoma

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3
Q

Rickettsiae

A

Rickettsia prowazekii- typhus fever

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4
Q

Mycoplasmas

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae- atypical pneumonia

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5
Q

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria

A

staphylococcus epidermidis-wound infection

vibriocholerae- cholera

streptococcus pneumoniae-pneumonia

mycobacterium tuberculosis-tuberculosis

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6
Q

Fungi imperfecti

A

trichophyton sp- tinea pedis

candida albicans- thrus

sporothrix schenckii-sporotrichosis

histoplasma capsulatum- histoplasmosis

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7
Q

Protozoa

A

Giardia lambia-Giardiasis

Trypanosoma gambiense- sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma cruzi - Chagas disease

Leishmania donovani-Kala-azar

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8
Q

Helminths

A

Enterobius vermicularis-oxyuriasis

Wucheria bacrofi-filariasis

Trichinella spiralis- Trichinosis

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9
Q

Polio would most appropriately be classified as…

A

Virus

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10
Q

Trachomatis would most appropriately be classified as…

A

chlamydiae

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11
Q

Prowazekii would most appropriately be classified as…

A

Rickettsiae

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12
Q

Pneumoniae would most appropriately be classified as…

A

mycoplasma (if mycoplasma pneumoniae)

or

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria (if streptococcus pneumoniae)

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13
Q

Staphylococcus epidermisdis would most appropriately be classified as…

A

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria

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14
Q

Vibrio cholerae would most appropriately be classified as…

A

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria

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15
Q

Tuberculosis would most appropriately be classified as…

A

bacteria, spirochetes, mycobacteria

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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16
Q

Trichophyton sp. would most appropriately be classified as…

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A

fungi imperfecti

17
Q

Candida albicans would most appropriately be classified as…

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A

fungi imperfecti

18
Q

Sporothrix schenkii would most appropriately be classified as…

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A

fungi imperfecti

19
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum would most appropriately be classified as…

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A

fungi imperfecti

20
Q

Giardia lambia would most appropriately be classified as…

21
Q

Trypanosoma gambiense would most appropriately be classified as…

22
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi would most appropriately be classified as…

23
Q

Leishmania donovani would most appropriately be classified as…

24
Q

Enterobius vermicularis would most appropriately be classified as…

25
Wucheria bancrofi would most appropriately be classified as...
helminths
26
Trichinella spiralis would most appropriately be classified as...
helminths
27
List the human host barriers to infection.
Intact host skin & mucosal surfaces Secretory-excretory products ex. lysozyme in tears acid in stomach Breeches to Host Barriers - Commensal skin bacteria (low virulence) cause infections when enter through cuts, burns, etc. - Respiratory, GI, urogenital infections caused by virulent organisms penetrating intact mucosal barriers
28
Describe the mechanisms of bacteria-induced injury.
1. Bacterial Virulence - Depends on ability of bacteria to adhere, invade, & deliver toxic moieties 2. Bacterial Adherence a. Adhesins are bacterial surface molecules that bind to host cells (Fig. 8-2) - lipoteichoic acids, M proteins of S. pyogenes - Fimbriae or pili on surface of gram-negative bacteria b. Entry into macrophages – directed by receptors that recognize antibodies or complement on surface of bacteria c. Entry into epithelial cells – dependent on interactions between bacterial surface and epithelial cell receptor such as integrins 3. Bacterial Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): structural component of outer cell wall in gram negative bacteria; induces host cytokine release to cause fever, activate macrophages and B cells 4. Bacterial Exotoxins - Toxins released by bacteria that interfere with cellular metabolism and allow bacteria to outgrow competing bacteria (ex. Diphtheria toxin, Vibrio cholera toxin, anthrax toxin)
29
Identify microbial pathogens that exhibit significant antigenic variation.
Rhinoviruses- colds Influenza virus- influenza N. gonorrhoeae- gonorrhea Borrelia hermsii- Relapsing fever Borrelia burgdorferi- Lyme disease Trypanosoma brucei- African sleeping sickness Giardia lamblia -Giardiasis Plasmodium falciparum- severe malaria
30
Give one example of a microorganism that would cause each of the five types of inflammatory responses to infection.
A. Suppurative (Polymorphonuclear) Inflammation (caused by pyogenic bacteria...pneumococcal pneumonia) B. Mononuclear and Granulomatous Inflammation (secondary syphilis) C. Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation (herpesvirus blister) D. Necrotizing Inflammation (necrotizing fasciitis caused by Group A streptococcus) E. Chronic Inflammation and Scarring (ex. schistosome eggs - Schistosoma Haematobium)
31
Describe 3 classes of Helminthes and give an example of each.
Roundworms (nematodes): collagenous tegument and non-segmented structure (hookworms & Trichinella) Flatworms (cestodes): gutless worms, heads sprout a ribbon of flat segments (tapeworms) Flukes (trematodes): primitive leaflike worms with syncytial integument (schistosomes)
32
What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by a Herpes blister on the mucosa?
cytoproliferative inflammation
33
What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by increased vascular permeability and leukocytic infiltration by neutrophils as in pneumococcal pneumonia?
suppurative (polymorphonuclear) inflammation
34
What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by secondary syphilis with perivascular infiltrate and endothelial proliferation?
mononuclear and granulomatous inflammation
35
What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by inclusion bodies (CMV)?
Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation
36
What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by polykaryons following cell fusion (measles)?
Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation
37
What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by morphologic lesions as seen in venereal warts/HPV?
Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation
38
What type of inflammatory response would be demonstrated by dysplastic changes and cancer?
Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation

MHD (6 decks)

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