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MEDL 200 > Clinical Lab > Flashcards

Clinical Lab Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What are the roles of the MLA?

A
  • procurement and preparation of specimens for analysis
  • loading specimens for analysis on lab instruments
  • preparing slides for microscopic analysis
  • performing routine tissue staining
  • inoculating and incubating microbiology specimens
  • management of patient information
  • preparation of reagents and quality control materials
  • documenting and performing preventative maintenance on equipment
  • internal and external quality assurance
  • manage lab inventory
  • cleaning glassware
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2
Q

What are some large city facilities?

A
  • collection sites
  • rapid-response/core laboratories
  • high volume laboratories
  • reference/provincial laboratories
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3
Q

Example of a collection site?

A

Patient service centre (PSC)

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4
Q

Examples of core labs in Calgary.

A
  1. ACH - Alberta children’s hospital
  2. FMC - foothill medical Center
  3. PLC - Peter lougheed center
  4. RGH - rocky general hospital
  5. SHC - south health campus
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5
Q

What are RRLs?

A

In hospital setting; labs that perform priority testing — short turnaround times (TAT)

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6
Q

What are high volume labs?

A

Designed for high-volume testing and specialized test procedures

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7
Q

What are provincial labs?

A

Provides complex testing procedures for large region of patients

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8
Q

What kind of tests do core labs do?

A

Hematology (and coagulation), transfusion medicine, chemistry.
Some have histology and microbiology

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9
Q

What is an example of a high volume lab?

A

DSC - diagnostic and scientific center

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10
Q

What are the departments within a clinical lab?

A
  • specimen accessioning
  • Chem and urinalysis/immunology
  • hematology and coagulation
  • transfusion medicine (immunohematology)
  • microbiology
  • histology (anatomical pathology)
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11
Q

What are the duties involved in specimen accessioning?

A
  • receive and sort specimens
  • troubleshooting specimen and requisition errors
  • enter patient and specimen information in the LIS
  • centrifuge appropriate specimens
  • distribute specimens to appropriate testing department
  • package specimens for transport to referral labs
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12
Q

Chemistry is the _______ and most _______ area of the lab.

A

Largest, automated

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13
Q

What are blood specimens for chemistry tests collected in?

A

PST tubes and SST tubes

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14
Q

What’s the difference between PST and SST tubes?

A

PST - can be spun right away

SST - needs time to clot before centrifugation

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15
Q

What is urinalysis for?

A

To test for urinary tract and kidney diseases

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16
Q

What do dipsticks detect?

A

Glucose and protein

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17
Q

What do you examine urine microscopically for?

A

Blood cells, casts, crystals, bacteria and other formed elements

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18
Q

What is hematology?

A

The study of formed elements in the blood

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19
Q

What are the formed elements in blood?

A

RBC (erythrocytes), WBC (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes)

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20
Q

What are some examples of tests performed in hematology?

A

CBC, white cell differential, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and reticulocyte count

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21
Q

What are hematology samples collected in?

A

Typically EDTA tubes

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22
Q

What are coagulation tests assessing?

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A

Bleeding and clotting problems

23
Q

Coagulation tests require whole blood but run tests on plasma. (T/F)

24
Q

What are some examples of tests done for coagulation?

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A

Prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and fibrinogen (Fib)

25
What type of test tubes are coagulation samples collected in?
Sodium citrate tubes (blue tubes)
26
Standard of care tests are usually CBC and Chem tests. (T/F)
True
27
What are the key differences in the Transfusion Medicine department compared to the other departments?
- Transfusion Medicine PROVIDES blood components and products to patients - collected from volunteer donors
28
Immunohematology is also done on pregnant women for incompatibilities with their fetus. (T/F)
True
29
What is most of the testing done in transfusion based on?
Antigen-antibody reactions
30
How many tubes and what volume of tubes are collected from patients who need transfusion?
2 Lav EDTA tubes - 6mL
31
What is microbiology?
The study of microorganisms
32
What’s the most common test done in the microbiology department?
Culture and sensitivity (c&S)
33
What does the culture mean in C&S?
Culture = grow the bacteria
34
What does the S mean in C&S?
Sensitivity - testing susceptibility to antibiotics
35
What is histology?
The study of tissue structure
36
What is cytology?
The study of structural changes in cells
37
How do you evaluate histological samples?
It’s done through biopsy and autopsy procedures.
38
What is cytology tests done for?
It’s to detect and diagnose cancer
39
What are some tasks that are part of the analytical workflow?
performing a test, checking to see if it's reliable and interpret the findings
40
What are some of the tasks in the pre-analytical workflow?
receiving requisitions, accessioning, collection, and preparing the samples of testing
41
What’s an example of a cytology test?
A Pap smear
42
What are the tasks that MLAs do in the analytical workflow?
Maintenance of automated instruments, loading specimens onto instruments, reagent preparation, and quality management
43
How is the speed controlled in a centrifuge?
By a potentiometer
44
How does a potentiometer work?
It changes the voltage supplied to the motor
45
What is a tachometer?
It indicates the speed of the rotor in rpm
46
What is rpm?
Revolutions per minute.
47
How does the brakes work in a centrifuge?
Reverses the polarity of the current which causes rapid deceleration
48
What is a rotor head?
It spins the specimen cups/buckets.
49
What angle is the rotor head fixed at?
45 degrees
50
What is the angle that rotor heads swings at?
90 degrees
51
What are trunnion rings?
They hold the buckets in the head
52
What types of centrifuges are there?
- bench-top - floor - refrigerated/heated - high-speed - special applications
53
What are the steps to loading and balancing a centrifuge?
Step 1. Balancing like tubes Step 2. Water balance Step 3. Balance the buckets

MEDL 200 (4 decks)

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