Clinical Lab Unit 1

Question 1

Clinical laboratory science

Answer 1

Detects, diagnosis, and treats disease
Collects and processes specimen and performs chemical, biological hematologic, immunologic, microscopic, molecular diagnostic, and microbial testing

Question 2

ASCP

Answer 2

American Society of Clinical Pathologists

Question 3

Board of Registry (BOR

Answer 3

referred to as “medical technologists” with the acronym of “MT (ASCP)”

Question 4

American Society of Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Answer 4

ASCLT

Question 5

American Society of Medical Technologists

Answer 5

ASMT

Question 6

American Society for Clinical

Laboratory Science

Answer 6

ASCLS

Question 7

National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences

Answer 7

NAACLS)

Question 8

Certified Laboratory Assistant

Answer 8

(CLA) – 1 yr. certificate program

Question 9

Medical Laboratory Technician

Answer 9

(MLT) – 2 yr. associate degree program

Question 10

*Medical Technologist (MT) / Clinical Laboratory Technologist (CLT) / Medical Laboratory
Technologist (MLT)

Answer 10

4 yr. bachelor degree program

Question 11

Medical Laboratory Scientists

Answer 11

MLS

Question 12

Personal ethics

Answer 12

based on values or ideals and customs that are held in high regard by an
individual or group of people
Ex: Teachers, Nurses, Doctors, Lawyers

Question 13

Situational ethics

Answer 13

system of ethics by which acts are judged within their contexts instead of by
categorical principles
• Ex: Hospital ethics committee

Question 14

Laboratory medicine or Clinical pathology

Answer 14

medical discipline in which clinical laboratory

science and technology are applied to the care of patients

Question 15

Lab Medicine

Answer 15

Clinical chemistry & urinalysis, hematology including flow cytometry, clinical microbiology, immunology,
molecular diagnostics, and blood banking

Question 16

Anatomic Pathology, cytology, & histology are

Answer 16

part of the overall clinical lab, but usually function

separately

Question 17

POCT (Point of Care Testing)

Answer 17

tests done away from the centralized lab such as a nurse’s

station or patient bedside

Question 18

Leaders & managers of the lab

Answer 18

legal operating regulations have been met & all persons

working in the lab setting are fully aware of compliance with these regulations

Question 19

Lab Departments

Answer 19

• Hematology
• Hemostasis & Coagulation
• Urinalysis
• Clinical Chemistry
• Blood Bank & Transfusion Services
• Immunology & Serology
• Molecular Diagnostics
• Microbiology

Question 20

Hematology

Answer 20

Study of blood
2 most common tests
• Prothrombin time (PT)
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

Question 21

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

Answer 21

called erythrocytes

Question 22

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

Answer 22

called leukocytes

Question 23

Platelets

Answer 23

called thrombocytes

Question 24

Clinical Chemistry

Answer 24

Urinalysis
• Screening tests
• Disease of kidney or urinary tract
• Physical (color, clarity, specific gravity)
• Chemical (pH, glucose, ketones, blood)

Question 25

Blood Banking & Transfusion

Answer 25

Blood is donated • Rigorous protocol of testing to ensure safety for transfusion • Proper sample identification is crucial • Severe transfusion reaction or Death

Question 26

Molecular Diagnostics

Answer 26

Applies the principles of basic molecular biology to the study of human diseases Reinforces the importance of HOW lab test results are used & emphasizes ethical considerations and the need for genetic counseling

Question 27

Microbiology

Answer 27

Identification of microorganisms that cause disease | • Common bacteria, viruses, fungi, & parasites

Question 28

Specimens for culture

Answer 28

swabs from throat or wounds, sputum, vaginal excretions, urine, & blood

Question 29

Anatomic Pathologist

Answer 29

• Licensed physician • 4-5 years additional training after graduation • Examine all surgically removed specimens from patients (gross & microscopic exam) • Ex: frozen sections, tissue samples, & autopsy specimens

Question 30

Clinical Pathologist

Answer 30

``` Licensed physician • Additional training in clinical pathology or laboratory medicine • Common lab tests on blood & urine • Collaboration between physician & lab ```

Question 31

Lab Supervisor/Manager

Answer 31

* Responsible for the technical aspects of managing the laboratory * Must be able to communicate in a clear, concise manner * Persons working in the lab * Physicians & other health care workers

Question 32

Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA)

Answer 32

founded in 1988 to help labs stay in | compliance of CLIA ‘88

Question 33

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

Answer 33

``` Now known as The Joint Commission (TJC) – hospital labs since 1979 ```

Question 34

College of American Pathologists (CAP)

Answer 34

What certifying agency or agencies have been granted status to act on behalf of the federal government in matters of laboratory accreditation?

Question 35

Public Health Service Act

Answer 35

lab must be licensed under this act in order to receive payments for services from Medicare or Medicaid

Question 36

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

Answer 36

CMS

Question 37

Department of Health and Human Services

Answer 37

HHS

Question 38

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

Answer 38

CLSI

Question 39

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Answer 39

OSHA

Question 40

Waived Tests

Answer 40

Cleared by the FDA for home use • Employ methodologies that are SIMPLE Ex: pregnancy tests

Question 41

PPM (Provider-performed Microscopy)

Answer 41

specific microscopies (mostly wet mounts) usually performed by the physician or provider for his or her own patients; these tests are a special subcategory of the moderately complex CLIA '88 tests

Question 42

Point-of-Care Testing

Answer 42

Decentralization of testing away from the traditional laboratory setting Not always performed by lab staff • Respiratory therapists, anesthesiologists, or operating room nurse POCT devices • Built-in quality control & quality assessment systems • Prevent erroneous data from being reported to the physician

Question 43

Specimens Blood & urine are the most commonly tests body fluid

Answer 43

Blood & urine are the most commonly tests body fluid • Body tissues • Synovial fluid • Cerebrospinal fluid • Peritoneal fluid • Pericardial fluid Lab provides information regarding the assay results for the specimens analyzed (meaning different normal ranges for blood versus spinal fluid)