Clinical Manifestation Of Malnutrition Flashcards
(10 cards)
What are the three indices used to identify undernutrition conditions?
Weight-for-age, height/length-for-age, weight-for-height/length
These indices help classify undernutrition as underweight, stunting, and wasting.
How does severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affect the risk of death in children under five?
Increases significantly
SAM raises the case fatality rate in children suffering from common illnesses such as diarrhoea and pneumonia.
What is underweight based on weight-for-age a composite measure of?
Stunting and wasting
Underweight serves as an indicator to assess changes in the magnitude of malnutrition over time.
What are the two forms of protein and energy malnutrition?
Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
Both conditions stem from inadequate protein and energy intake.
What is the main cause of Kwashiorkor?
Inadequate protein intake and low concentration of essential amino acids
Kwashiorkor develops due to diets with a low protein/energy ratio.
What are the main symptoms of Kwashiorkor?
- Oedema
- Wasting
- Liver enlargement
- Hypoalbuminaemia
- Steatosis
- Possible depigmentation of skin and hair
These symptoms reflect severe nutritional deficiencies.
What characterizes Marasmus?
Inadequate intake of both protein and energy
It leads to severe cachexia with significant weight loss.
What are the main symptoms of Marasmus?
- Severe wasting
- Minimal subcutaneous fat
- Severe muscle wasting
- Non-normal serum albumin levels
These symptoms indicate a critical state of malnutrition.
What is the weight-for-age Z-score for an underweight child?
At least two standard deviations (-2SD) below the median
This metric is derived from the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards.
What is the relationship between being underweight and mortality risk in children?
Increased risk
Even mildly underweight children face a higher mortality risk, with severely underweight children at even greater risk.
