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UIWRSO 2023 > Clinical Medicine Final > Flashcards

Clinical Medicine Final Flashcards

1
Q

BP Ratings

A
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2
Q

Hypertensive Emergency Symptoms vs Hypertensive Urgency Symptoms

A

Emergency:
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea (Difficulty breathing)

Urgency:
- Headache
- Epistaxis (Nose bleeds)

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3
Q

Marfan Syndrome genetic defect

A

Fibrillin 1

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4
Q

In what condition do you find lisch nodules?

A

Neurofibromatosis

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5
Q

Angle Closure Symptoms

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Eye pain
  • High IOP
  • Halos around lights
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6
Q

Cellulitis: What is suggestive of orbital involvement?

A
  • Proptosis
  • Chemosis
  • Pain with eye movements
  • Ophthalmoplegia
  • ON involvement
  • Fever
  • Leukocytosis (75% of cases)
  • Lethargy
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7
Q

Orbital Cellulitis Signs and Symptoms

A
  • Rhinorrhea (Runny nose)
  • Headache
  • Tenderness on palpation
  • Eyelid Edema
  • Elevated IOP (if ↑ venous congestion)
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8
Q

Sudden discontinuation of oral prednisone may cause what?

A

Adrenal crisis (Addisonian crisis)

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9
Q

Elevated Growth Hormone Signs/Symptoms

A
  • ↑ skeletal and soft tissue growth
  • Hypertension
  • DM
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10
Q

Most likely cause of a diabetic feeling cold and clammy?

A

Hypoglycemia

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11
Q

What should you test if your patient has Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)?

A

You should test for thyroid problems

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12
Q

What causes polyuria in a diabetic?

A

Elevated serum glucose

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13
Q

What causes the microvascular complications of patients with DM?

A
  • Capillary basement membrane thickens
  • Endothelial cell hypoplasia
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14
Q

What causes Graves disease?

A

Immune stimulation of TSH receptor

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15
Q

Most common symptom reported in IIH (Pseudotumor)?

A

Headache

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16
Q

Apoptosis

A
  • Programmed cell death
  • Irreversible process
  • Removes:
    • Embryonic cells
    • Aged cells from normal tissue
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17
Q

Fat Necrosis

A

Enzymatic necrosis of pancreas and peripancreatic adipose tissue

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18
Q

Most common cause of cell injury?

A

Hypoxia

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19
Q

(4) Situations where free radicals are generated?

A
  • Normal metabolism
  • Reperfusion after ischemia
  • Oxygen therapy in premature infants
  • Pharmacotherapy
20
Q

Main transport affected in cystic fibrosis?

A

Outflow of chloride

21
Q

Trisomy 21 Presentation

A
  • Epicanthic eyelid fold
  • Growth delay
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Palm crease
22
Q

Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) Presentation

A
  • Cardiopathy
  • Mental retardation
  • Clenched fists
  • Unusual or absent finger prints
  • Small mouth and face
23
Q

Turner Syndrome presentation

A
  • Growth delay
  • Webbed neck
  • Coarctation of the aorta
24
Q

What is the most likely cause of aura during a migraine episode?

A

Vasoconstriction of cerebral vessels

25
Q

How long do visual phenomena of migraine with aura typically last?

A

20 minutes

26
Q

What headache type is associated with postganglionic Horner’s syndrome?

A

Cluster headache

27
Q

Cluster Headache Symptoms

A
  • Severe pain around one eye or on one side of the head
  • Tearing, nasal stuffiness, and runny nostril on affected side
28
Q

In which gender are cluster headaches more common?

A

Males

29
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis

A
  • Autoimmune disease
  • Causes headache, scalp tenderness, jaw pain, and visual symptoms
30
Q

What do Omega 3 supplements affect?

A

Clotting time

31
Q

Conclusions of AREDS studies?

A
  • Smokers are at a very high risk of developing advanced AMD
  • Older pts with poor nutrition may be at highest risk of advanced AMD
  • Aging can be associated with deficiencies in micronutrients (including zinc/cartenoids)
  • Results supported replacement of beta carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin in original AREDS formula
  • Addition of omega-3 fatty acids in original AREDS formula did not further decrease risk of progression from intermediate → advanced AMD
32
Q

What do omega-3 fatty acids do?

A

Decrease inflammatory cytokines

33
Q

Hashimoto’s disease lab testing results

A
  • Elevated TSH
  • Decreased TH
  • Elevated thryoglobulin antibodies
34
Q

What might cause Addison’s crisis?

A

Abruptly stopping corticosteroids after long-term use

35
Q

What is a more sensitive measure of thryoid function?

A

TSH levels

36
Q

Pathological change associated with Graves disease?

A

High levels of circulating thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins

37
Q

Retinal detachment symptoms

A
  • Lots of new floaters
  • Flashes of light in one or both eyes
  • Dark shadow or “curtain” on sides or middle of visual field
38
Q

Most common visual efficiency skills problem after TBI?

A

OMD

39
Q

Why isn’t a concussion typically visible on traditional MRI?

A

Because the shearing of neurons that occurs in concussion causes only microscopic damage along axons

(Damage is too small and scattered to be detected)

40
Q

What type of occulsion is helpful for patients with TBI and why?

A
  • Binasal occlusion (BNO)

Because:
- It improves ambient visual processing by stimulating/emphasizing peripheral awareness
- Reduces need to process redundant/overlapping info from each eye

41
Q

What is the ambient (“where”/peripheral) visual system most important to?

A

Providing input to superior colliculus to be integrated with vestibular and proprioceptive systems

42
Q

What is the focal (“what”/central) visual most important to?

A

Providing details for what we’re looking at

43
Q

Main purpose of BI microprism in TBI patients?

A
  • Treating post traumatic visual syndrome
44
Q

Progressive lenses are not the best option for what patients?

A

TBI patients with accommodative insufficiency

45
Q

Grounding technique that can be used to improve comfort in patients who become nauseous, dizzy, or unstable while you’re working on them?

A
  • Dim lights
  • Stimulate peripheral awareness
  • Chalkboard circles
  • Harmon circles
  • Sit in a stable, stationary chair
  • Pinch thumbs and index fingers together
  • Use a weighted blancket
46
Q

What do individuals with complete hemiplegia or muscle weakness on one side of the body often demonstrate?

A

Visual Midline Shift Syndrome (VMSS)

47
Q

Visual Midline Shift Syndrome (VMSS)

A
  • Sense of center shifted up, down, left, or right
  • Poor balance
  • Poor motor planning

UIWRSO 2023 (1 decks)

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