Clinical Notes of the UE

Question 1

What is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 1

incomplete fractures often in children

Question 2

True or false: the clavical is not commonly fractured

Answer 2

false

Question 3

What is the most common fracture site of the humerus?

Answer 3

the surgical neck

Question 4

What is the origin of the expression “funny bone”?

Answer 4

the pain you get from compressing the ulnar nerve, which is housed in the groove for ulnar N. of the humerus (humerus=humorous/funny)

Question 5

What is an avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle caused by?

Answer 5

severe abduction of the extended elbow

Question 6

What is fractured elbow?

Answer 6

a fracture of the olecranon caused by falling (an avulsion because of triceps brachii M)

Question 7

What is Colle’s fracture?

Answer 7

a fracture at the distal end of the radius (from breaking falls) the styloid process of the ulna is often also avulsed in this situation

Question 8

Which carpal bone is the most commonly fractured?

Answer 8

Scaphoid (from trying to break a fall)

Question 9

What does swelling of the tendons of the carpal tunnel result in?

Answer 9

compression of the median nerve, resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 10

Compression of what nerve is possible in the Guyon tunnel?

Answer 10

the Ulnar N

Question 11

What is boxer’s fracture?

Answer 11

a fracture of the head of the 5th metacarpal (usually from a punch)

Question 12

Fingers being closed in a door usually results to what fracture?

Answer 12

a fracture of the distal phalanges

Question 13

What aspect of the shoulder girdle tears in individuals repeatedly throwing a ball (sudden contraction of biceps brachii M)

Answer 13

the glenoid labrum

Question 14

What is shoulder separation?

Answer 14

a separation in the acromioclavicular joint and it is capable of separating with or without rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament

Question 15

In which ways does a dislocation of the glenohumeral joint most commonly occur?

Answer 15

anteriorly or inferiorly

Question 16

If the elbow is dislocated posteriorly in response to a force transmitted along the long axis of the forearm, which ligament will be torn?

Answer 16

ulnar collateral L

Question 17

Which two bursae are more commonly inflamed? and what three names refer to this?

Answer 17

the subcutaneous olecranon bursa and the bicipitoradial bursa; student’s elbow, dart thrower’s elbow and minors elbow

Question 18

What is nursemaids/pulled elbow?

Answer 18

dislocation of the radial head from the annular L

Question 19

What is bull rider’s thumb?

Answer 19

a sprain of the lateral collateral L and even avulsion of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Question 20

What is Skier’s thumb/gamekeeper’s thumb?

Answer 20

laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of the first metacarpophalangeal joints `

Question 21

What is mallet finger/baseball finger?

Answer 21

sudden hyperflexion fo the distal interphalangeal joint, which can result in avulsion of the long extensor tendon with that tendon away from the distal phalanx

Question 22

What is a synovial/Ganglion cyst?

Answer 22

irritation of the synovial sheats, which can cause an accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid (a lump)

Question 23

What is a Dupuytren contracture?

Answer 23

a disease resulting in the shortening, thickening and fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia.

Question 24

What does a dupuytren contracture lead to?

Answer 24

partial flexion of the 4th and 5th digits

Question 25

What is winging of the scapula?

Answer 25

paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle, usually a result of the long thoracic N

Question 26

Which four muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 26

the supraspinatus M, infraspinatus M, teres M and subscapularis M

Question 27

which rotator cuff muscle is most commonly injured?

Answer 27

the supraspinatus

Question 28

failure of the bicipital myoatic reflex could suggest injury to which nerve?

Answer 28

musculocutaneous N (or C5 and C6 Anterior Rami)

Question 29

What is bicep tendinitis?

Answer 29

inflammation of the long head of the biceps Tendon

Question 30

What is Popeye deformity?

Answer 30

a dislocation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii M from the intertubercular groove

Question 31

What is tennis elbow?

Answer 31

repetitive use of the superficial extensor muscles of the forearm (elbow tendinitis) it involves pain over the lateral epicondyle

Question 32

What is lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 32

repeated flexion and extension of the wrist (it strains the periostium of the lateral humeral epicondyle)

Question 33

which region of the axillary artery is susceptible to aneurysm?

Answer 33

region one

Question 34

Where should one stop blood flow to cut off all blood supply to the arm?

Answer 34

distal to the subscapular A. because the suprascapular, transverse cervical A and intercostal A can feed into it

Question 35

What is the most common site of venipuncture? Why?

Answer 35

the median cubital V. because of the location and protection of the bicipital aponeurosis

Question 36

Which lymph nodes are frequently invaded by cancer cells?

Answer 36

axillary lymph nodes