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MIDTERM EVALUATE REVIEWERS > CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY LEC > Flashcards

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY LEC Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Transformation of a trophozoite stage into a cyst stage
A

Encystation

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2
Q
  1. In which one individual divides into two of more or less equal parts
A

Binary fission

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3
Q
  1. Liberates daughter cells that are called merozoites
A

Schizogony

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4
Q
  1. Permanent and complete fusion of male and female gametes
A

Syngamy

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5
Q
  1. Interchange of nuclear material that takes place among ciliates
A

Conjugation

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6
Q
  1. Extension of the ectoplasm that aid amoeba in motility
A

Pseudopodia

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7
Q
  1. Lateral expansion of the plasma membrane associated with flagellum
A

Undulating membrane

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8
Q
  1. Specialized cell mouth found among the ciliates
A

Cytostome

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9
Q
  1. Dense cytoplasmic inclusions made up of crystalline RNA and RNA-binding proteins
A

Chromatoidal bodies

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10
Q
  1. A mass of chromatin located within the nucleus of certain protozoa
A

Karyosome

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11
Q

Transmission of Entamoeba histolytica occurs when:

A

the infective cysts are ingested in contaminated food or drink.

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12
Q

The most common site for extraintestinal amebiasis is

A

liver

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13
Q

Humans most often contract Naegleria fowleri by

A

swimming in contaminated water

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14
Q

Which of the following is the specimen of choice for the recovery of Naegleria
fowleri?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

Etiologic agent of granulomatous amebic encephalitis is

A

Acanthamoeba

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16
Q

The pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica is indicated by the following , EXCEPT

A

size

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17
Q

Which of the following is the main difference between the trophozoites of
Entamoeba hartmanni and Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Trophozoites of E. hartmanni do not contain ingested red blood cells.

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18
Q

Which of the following correctly describes the nucleus of Endolimax nana?

A

Blotlike

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19
Q

Which of the following amoebae do trophozoites ingest white blood cells?

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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20
Q

The term acanthopodia describes pseudopodia that are

A

spinelike

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21
Q

The following flagellates are found in the intestines, EXCEPT

A

Trichomonas tenax

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22
Q

The normal habitat of Giardia lamblia

A

duodenum

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23
Q

Individuals at risk for contracting Giardia lamblia when camping and hiking are encouraged to take which of these steps to prevent infection?

A

Use only bottled water for drinking, cooking & appropriate personal hygiene

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24
Q

Which of the following is suggested to be transmitted via the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis?

A

5Dientamoeba fragilis

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25
Q

The infective stage of Trichomonas vaginalis is

A

trophozoite

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26
Q

The main feature for attachment of Giardia lamblia

A

sucking disc

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27
Q

The motility of the trophozoites of Chilomastix

A

corkscrew

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28
Q

Which of the following has undulating membrane that is as long as the costa

A

Pentatrichomonas hominis

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29
Q

Enterotest is used to sample materials from the

A

duodenum

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30
Q

Lutzomyia sandflies

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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31
Q

Kalaazar

A

C. Leishmania donovani

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32
Q

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania tropica

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33
Q

Romañas sign

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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34
Q

East and Central Africa

A

T. b. rhodesiense

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35
Q

Flagellum is absent

A

Promastigote

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36
Q

Consists of a nucleus and a kinetoplast

A

Epimastigote

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37
Q

Its presence indicates positive xenodiagnosis

A

Trypomastigote

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38
Q

Isolated in NNN culture of Leishmania

A

Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

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39
Q

The infective form of Balantidium coli is the trophozoite

A

F

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40
Q

The main reservoir of Balantidium coli infection is man

A

F

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41
Q

Balantidium coli is present worldwide, but the prevalence of the infection is very low

A

T

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42
Q

Balantidium coil is the largest protozoan parasite residing in the large intestine of man

A

T

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43
Q

The slightly pointed anterior end of Balantidium coli trophozoite has a cytopyge.

A

F

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44
Q

Balantidium coli has two (2) dissimilar nuclei

A

F

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45
Q

The infective form of malaria parasite from the salivary glands of Anopheles

A

sporozoite

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46
Q

The actively dividing form of malaria parasite is known as

A

schizont

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47
Q

Malignant tertian malaria is caused by

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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48
Q

Which Plasmodium species preferentially infects old RBCs only?

A

Plasmodium malariae

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49
Q

most common cause of malaria in semi-tropical parts of the world is

A

Plasmodium vivax

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50
Q

In malaria microscopy, best staining results are achieved when using

A

Giemsa stain

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51
Q

Which Plasmodium species has crescent-shaped gametocytes

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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52
Q

The stippling in the P. vivax-infected red blood cells is known as

A

Schuffner’s stippling

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53
Q

Schizont with 6 to 12 merozoites in daisy-head formation is typical of

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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54
Q

The Quantitative Buffy Coat method for blood parasites is based on

A

fluorescence microscopy

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55
Q
  1. Originally thought to be a cyanobacterium.
A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

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56
Q
  1. The only known definitive hosts are members of family Felidae.
A

Toxoplasma gondii

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57
Q
  1. Humans become infected when they eat undercooked beef containing tissue cysts with bradyzoites.
A

Sarcocystis hominis

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58
Q
  1. Thin-walled oocysts initiate autoinfection of other enterocytes.
A

Cryptosporidium species

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59
Q
  1. Trophozoites multiply by endodyogeny.
A

Toxoplasma gondii

60
Q
  1. Transmission occurs through exposure to water contaminated by feces of infected cattle.
A

Cryptosporidium species

61
Q
  1. Shed in human feces as sporulated oocyst that is readily infectious to next susceptible human host.
A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

62
Q
  1. Spherical oocysts in feces are 4-5 um in diameter and are with 4 naked sporozoites.
A

Cryptosporidium species

63
Q
  1. Oocysts are spheres that fluoresce under UV light but variably stain with carbol
    fuchsin.
A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

64
Q
  1. At time of excretion in human feces, the elongate-ovoidal immature oocyst contains usually one sporoblast (more rarely two)
A

Cystoisospora belli

65
Q

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

A

N. fowleri

66
Q

Keratitis

A

Acanthamoeba spp

67
Q

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis:

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

68
Q

Infective stage is trophozoite:

A

E. histolytica, N. fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., T. vaginalis,

69
Q

Infective stage is cyst:

A

E. histolytica, Dientamoeba fragilis, G. lambdia,

70
Q

Diagnostic stage is cyst:

A

E. histolytica, Acanthamoeba spp, G. lambdia,

71
Q

Diagnostic stage is troph:

A

E. histolytica, N. fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp, Dientamoeba fragilis, G. lambdia, T. vaginalis,

72
Q

Promitosis:

A

N. fowleri

73
Q

Mitosis:

A

Acanthamoeba spp

74
Q

Infective stage is Sandfly (promastigote):

A

Leisgmania spp.

75
Q

Infective stage is Triatomine/Reduviid bug (Metacyclic trypomastigote):

A

T. cruzi

76
Q

Infective stage is Tsetse fly (Metacyclic trypomastigote):

A

Trypanosoma brucei

77
Q

Infective stage is Mosquito and release of sporozoite:

A

Plasmodium spp.

78
Q

Has exo-erythrocytic cycle, Erythrocytic cycle, Sporogonic cycle:

A

Plasmodium spp.

79
Q

Diagnostic stage is gametocyte, schizont, mature and immature troph:

A

Plasmodium spp.

80
Q

Diagnostic stage is oocyst:

A

Cystoisospora belli

81
Q

Diagnostic stage is thick walled oocyst:

A

Cryptosporidium spp

82
Q

Tachyzoites:

A

Toxoplasma gondii

83
Q

Bradyzoite:

A

Sarcocystis spp

84
Q

Hypnozoite:

A

Plasmodium

85
Q

Cytoplasmic inclusion of amoebas (func for feeding by phagocytosis):

A

Pseudopodia

86
Q

Amoebic colitis:

A

Flash shape/Tear drop shape,

87
Q

mucosal layer:

A

E. histolytica

88
Q

Def host:
Intermediate host:

A

Sexual
Asexual

89
Q

Pseudopodia:
Flagella:
Cilia:
Undulating membrane:
Cytostome:
Cytopyge:
Osmoregulator:

A

Amoebas under Sarcodina
Mastigophora
Ciliophora
extension of flagella
Cell mouth
Cell anus
Contractile vacuoles

90
Q

Parasitic amoebae found in intestinal lumen:

A

E. histolytica, E. dispar, E.coli, E. hartmanni, E. nana, I. butschlii

91
Q

Parasitic amoebae found in the mouth:

A

E.gingivalis

92
Q

Extraintestinal amoeba.:

A

E. gingivalis, N. fowleri,

93
Q

Amoebae that causes intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis:

A

E. histolytica

94
Q

Amoeba occurs only in trophozoite stage:

A

E. gingivalis

95
Q

Difference of E. histolytica and E dispar:

A

DNA and ribosomal RNA, isoenzyme pattern

96
Q

Nonpathogenic amoeba (compared to E. histolytica):

A

E. dispar

97
Q

Intestinal and Extraintestinal amoebiasis

A

E. histolytica

98
Q

Intestinal amoebiasis:

Asymptomatic (?)
Symptomatic: (?) amoebic colitis

A

90%

10%

99
Q

Acute amoebic colitis/amoebic dysentery
Chronic amoebic colitis

A

Intestinal amoebiasis:

100
Q

Intestinal amoebiasis:

Pathogenic mechanisms:
Cytoadherance:
Cytolysis:
Proteolysis:

A

Virulence factor
trophozoite lectin
Amoebapores
Cysteine proteinase

101
Q

: perforation and peritonitis

A

Colonic perforation

102
Q

napkin ring

A

Amoeboma

103
Q

Amoebic hepatitis
Amoebic liver abscess (ALA)
“Anchovy sauce”

A

Hepatic amoebiasis

104
Q

Extraintestinal amoebiasis:

A

Hepatic amoebiasis
Pulmonary amoebiasis
Metastatic amoebiasis
Cutaneous amoebiasis
Genitourinary amoebiasis

105
Q

Hematogenous spread

A

Metastatic amoebiasis

106
Q

Perineum/perianal region

A

Cutaneous amoebiasis

107
Q

Prepuce and glans

A

Genitourinary amoebiasis

108
Q

Not capable of encystation:

A

E. gingivalis

109
Q

Capable of colitis & liver abscess:

A

E. histolytica

110
Q

Commensal amoebas: all except

A

E. histolytica

111
Q

Biggest commensal amoeba:

A

E. coli

112
Q

Smallest commensal amoeba:

A

E. hartmanni

113
Q

Blotlike karyosome:

A

E. hartmanni

114
Q

Ground-glass appearance of cytoplasm:

A

E.histolytica, E. hartmanni

115
Q

Basket nucleus:

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

116
Q

Splinter-shaped chromatoidal bodies:

A

E. coli

117
Q

Reddish brown with iodine:

A

E. hartmanni & E. coli

118
Q

No chromatoidal bodies present:

A

Iodamoeba

119
Q

Small race of E. histolytica:

A

E. hartmanni

120
Q

Fecal-oral route trans:

A

E. histolytica,

121
Q

Hand to mouth trans:

A

E. histolytica,

122
Q

Oral-anal contact:

A

E. histolytica,

123
Q

Has mechanical vectors (Flies, cockroaches, and
other insects):

A

E. histolytica, B. hominis

124
Q

Gay bowel syndrome: ,

A

E. histolytica

125
Q

21% prevalence:

A

E. coli

126
Q

9% prevalence:

A

E. nana

127
Q

1% prevalence:

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

128
Q

Neti pot:

A

N. fowleri

129
Q

GAE and disseminated infection:

A

Acanthamoeba

130
Q

Heat loving, found in warm water at 42C:

A

N. fowleri

131
Q

Nonpathogenic naegleria:

A

Naegleria gruberi

132
Q

Spine-like pseudopodia : Acanthamoeba

A

(Acanthapodia)

133
Q

Cyst has pores, opercula, ostioles:

A

Cyst of Acanthamoeba

134
Q

Stramenophiles:

A

Blastocystis hominis

135
Q

Intestinal flagellates:

A

G. lambdia, D. fragilis,
Chilomastix mesnili, Pentatrichomonas hominis

136
Q

Pathogenic intestinal flagellate:

A

Giardia lambdia

137
Q

Nonpathogenic intestinal flagellate:

A

D. fragilis

138
Q

Commensal intestinal flagellate:

A

Chilomastix
mesnili, Pentatrichomonas hominis

139
Q

Atrial flagellates (both trophozoite lang):

A

Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax

140
Q

Only pathogenic atrial flagellate:

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

141
Q

Hemoflagellates:

A

Leishmania spp, Trypanosoma spp

142
Q

Earliest protozoan parasite:

A

G. lambdia

143
Q

Pyriform, pear-shaped/teardrop shape:

A

G. lambdia,

144
Q

Falling leaf or flipflop motility:

A

G. lambdia,

trophozoite

145
Q

Monkey face/Old man with eyeglasses:

A

G.
lambdia, trophozoite

146
Q

2 nuclei with stellate appearance:

A

D. fragilis, troph

147
Q

Trophozoite without external flagella:

A

D. fragilis,

troph

MIDTERM EVALUATE REVIEWERS (2 decks)

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