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daf > Clinical Pathophysiology- Head and Neck > Flashcards

Clinical Pathophysiology- Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Everything that touches air is made up of

A

Simple or pseudostratified Columnar epithelium

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2
Q

If columnar epithelium is damaged what happeneds

A

it will undergo METAPLASIA- (replaced with a different cell type) usually the Simple or pseudostratified Columnar epithelium will trun into staratified epithelium

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3
Q

what can cause Metaplasia?

A

Degenerative, Inflammation and neoplasic

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4
Q

Everything that touches FOOD is made up of

A

Stratified squamous (tough)

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5
Q

what can cause metaplasia in Stratified squamous epitheilum?

A

Degerneative, inflammation, neoplastic

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6
Q

Deciduous teeth AKA

A

Milk, Baby, or Primary teeth

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7
Q

How many Decidous teeth are there?

A

20 total

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8
Q

when do dectdous teeth begin to erupt?

A

6 months to 2 years

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9
Q

when do decidous teeth begin to shed?

A

6 to 12 years of age

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10
Q

How many Permanent teeth are there?

A

32

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11
Q

what are the new recomendations for the first dental visit?

A

at 1 year of age

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12
Q

what is Enamel made up of?

A

Enamelin and amelogenin protiens

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13
Q

discribe enamel

A

hard, inert, acellular. Most highly mineralized tissue in the body

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14
Q

what is enamel synthesized by?

A

Ameoblast cells which are located on top of the dentin and are ONLY around durring tooth development

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15
Q

what are ameoblast around?

A

Only durring tooth development

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16
Q

What is Dentin ?

A

Usually, it is covered by enamel
Cellular
Specialzed Connective tissue
Contains Dential Tubules

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17
Q

What creates Dentin?

A

Odontoblast.

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18
Q

What is an odontoblast

A

lie between dentin and pulp which create Dentin.

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19
Q

The specialized dentinal tubules are exentions of what?

A

the tubles are cytoplasmic extentions. they being in the dentin and extend to the enamel

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20
Q

Pulp

A

Loose CT and fibroblasts

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21
Q

What is the Pulp Rich in?

A

Nerve Bundles
Lymphatics
Capillaries

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22
Q

What are Peridontal ligaments

A

Connects Cementum to the alveolar bone

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23
Q

What disease is when the peridontal ligament is no longer attached

A

Paridontal Disease

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24
Q

Define Tooth Decay

A

Focal degradation of tooth structure
Mineral dissolution of tooth structure by acid Metabolic end product from bacteria capable of fermenting sugars.

Bacteria use sugar letting off lactic acid causing tooth decay

25
Q

What can cause tooth decay?

A 
Processed Carbohydrates (sugars)
Bacterial (Strep mutants or lactobacilli) causing acid erosion of enamel
PH
Spacing
Brushing
26
Q

When is tooth loss most common?

A

before the age of 35

27
Q

S. Mutans

A

Gram +

Metabolizes sucrose turning it into lactic acid

28
Q

Lactobacilli

A 
Gram +
Metabolizes Lactose (Found in milk) and turns it into lactic acid
29
Q

What is most common in infants?

A

Lactobacilli bacterial cavities

30
Q

What is more likely to cause cavities?

A
  • Prolonged Breast feeding or bottle feeding (more than 12 mo)
  • Frequent consumption of sugary beverages and snacks
  • Prolonged use of a training up (sippy cup) through out the day
  • Use of a bottle at bed time
  • use of liquid medications for longer than 3 weeks
  • Enamel pits or defects
  • Exposure to tobacco smoke
31
Q

What are some goals for healthy people in 2020

A

Decrase Primary dention cavities (3-5 years) from 33% to 30%

  • Decrease the amount of mixed dentition cavities (6 to 9 years) from 54% to 49%
  • Decrease the amount of permanent dentition (adolescents) from 54% to 48%
32
Q

in 1970 what % of school aged children had caries?

A

75%

33
Q

what were the results of the care regareding consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and the presence of S. Mutants?

A

they both were predicitive of 18 mo caries

34
Q

what do salivary levels of BIFIDOBACTERIA determine?

A

they are significantly assoiciated with caries
the bifidobacteria is a gram positive anarobe which is found in probiotics such as yogurt

thus we may actually be creating increase rates of caries due to our consumption of probiotics

35
Q

what is the function of Floride?

A

Incorporates into crystalline structure of enamel: forms FLUOAPATITE

Provides resistance to degradation by bacterial acids

36
Q

What is key to floride levels?

A

a certian amount strenthens the teeth but too much can damage the enamel

37
Q

what are the recomended Floride levels for 0-6 mo?

A

0.01 mg/day

38
Q

what are the recomended Floride levels for 7-12 mo?

A

0.5 mg/day

39
Q

what are the recomended Floride levels for 1-3 years?

A

0.7 mg/day

40
Q

what are the recomended Floride levels for 4-8 years?

A

1 mg/day

41
Q

what are the recomended Floride levels for 9-13 years

A

2 mg/day

42
Q

what are the recomended Floride levels for 14-18 years?

A

3 mg/ day

43
Q

what are the recomended Floride levels for Adults?

A

Male 4 mg/day

Females 3 mg/day

44
Q

what are the recomended levels of Floride (WHO) in city water?

A

0.5-1.0 mg/L of water

45
Q

what are the recorded levels of floride actually found in city water (CDC)?

A

0.7-1.2 mg/L of water

46
Q

what occurs when a person consumes to much floride?

A

Fluorosis - anything over 0.5mh/kg/day

47
Q

what does Fluorosis cause?

A

Hypermineralization of the theeth

This can range from mild to severe

48
Q

What is Gingiva?

A

It is the squamous mucosa in between the teeth and aound them

49
Q

what is Gingivitis?

A

Inflammation of the muscoa and associated tissues

50
Q

Some pregnet women well develop Gingivitis durring pregnacy, but it is importatnt to note that:

A

It does not increase bone loss

51
Q

In addition to Florosis’s effects on the teeth it also effects

A

the cortex of the bones, causing weakness and bowing

52
Q

what is the cause of Gingivitis?

A

lack of proper oral hyginene leading to dental plaque and calculus

53
Q

what is plaque (3 main things)

A

bacterial bioflim (formed by oral bacteria)
Protiens in saliva
desquamated epithelial cells

54
Q

what is calculus (tartar)

A

Mineralized

55
Q

what are some manifestations of Ginivitis?

A

Erythema, edema and bleeding

56
Q

who is most likely to have gingivitis?

A

adolesence

57
Q

is ginivitis reversible?

A

yes

58
Q

what is gingiva hyperplasia?

A

Medication induced gingival overgrowth

59
Q

what cause gingiva hyperplaisa

A

Phenyton
Dilantin
Ca channel blockers

daf (1 decks)

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