Clinical Pharmacology Exam III

Question 1

What are some of the different lever arms to slowing the progression of CKD?

Answer 1

Question 2

According to IRIS, what are our ideal serum phosphorus levels for CKD stage II, III, and IV?

Answer 2

Question 3

Name and describe some of the different intestinal phosphate binders used in small animal medicine. How do we use them?

Answer 3

Question 4

How can we reach our target phosphorus levels in patients with CKD?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the role of RAAS in renal disease?

Answer 5

Question 6

Name the different ACE inhibitors we use for the management of hypertension in our CKD patients.

Answer 6

Question 7

Why do we use ACE inhibitors in CKD patients?

Answer 7

Question 8

Draw out the pathway of the RAAS system and mention which drugs primarily act on which parts of the pathway.

Answer 8

Question 9

List some of the different ARBs we use in CKD patients.

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the benefits to using ACEIs/ARBs in patients with CKD?

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the risks to using ACEIs/ARBs in patients with CKD?

Answer 11

Question 12

What parameters should we monitor while our CKD patients are on ACEI/ARB drugs?

Answer 12

Question 13

Briefly list all the different ways we can manage hypertension in the CKD patient.

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe the pathogenesis of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Answer 14

Question 15

What are the effects of HPTH on the heart?

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 18

Classify the type of anemia that CKD patients often have.

Answer 18

Question 19

What are some of the side effects and associations of EPO?

Answer 19

Question 20

Why is darbopoeitin our preferred EPO analog?

Answer 20

Question 21

List some of the different diuretics we use in patients with AKI.

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the site of action for loop diuretics?

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the use of mannitol in a patient with AKI.

Answer 23

Question 24

Describe the use of dopamine in a patient with AKI.

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the use of diltiazem in a patient with AKI.

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe the diet approach to the medical dissolution of urate urolithiasis.

Answer 26

Question 27

Draw out the metabolism of urate in the body.

Answer 27

Question 28

Describe the use of allopurinol for the treatment of urate urolithiasis.

Answer 28

Question 29

What are our go-to antibiotics in the treatment of a UTI?

Answer 29

Question 30

Describe the use of acepromazine, buprenorphine, and MEMO for the management of FIC.

Answer 30

Question 31

Briefly describe the innervation of the bladder.

Answer 31

Question 32

Why kind of muscle is associated with the internal and external ureter sphincters?

Answer 32

Question 33

Describe the neuroanatomy of the urinary bladder and proximal urethra.

Answer 33

Question 34

Describe the neuroanatomy of the mid/distal urethra.

Answer 34

Question 35

Describe the neuroanatomy of the shortage phase of micturition.

Answer 35

Question 36

Describe the neuroanatomy of the voiding phase of micturition.

Answer 36

Question 37

Describe the mechanism of micturition.

Answer 37

Question 38

Oral medications for the treatment of urinary in continence cause ____ to contract with the overarching goal of ____.

Answer 38

Question 39

Lay out the medical management plan for the treatment of PSMI.

Answer 39

Question 40

75-90% of female dogs affected with PSMI will respond to ____, while 60-70% respond to ____. Some patients with require both.

Answer 40

Question 41

Describe the use of alpha adrenergic agonists for the treatment for PSMI.

Answer 41

Question 42

What are some of the adverse effects to using alpha adrenergic agonists for the treatment of PSMI?

Answer 42

Question 43

Why do we use estrogens for the treatment of PMSI?

Answer 43

Question 44

Name some of the different estrogens we use in patients with PMSI.

Answer 44

Question 45

What are the adverse effects to using estrogens in patients with PMSI?

Answer 45

Question 46

What are the benefits to using an estrogen/alpha agonist combination treatment for PMSI?

Answer 46

Question 47

Describe the use of GnRH analogs for the treatment of PMSI.

Answer 47

Question 48

Describe the use of imipramine hydrocloride for the treatment of PMSI.

Answer 48

Question 49

Describe the use of testosterone for the treatment of PMSI.

Answer 49

Question 50

Differentiate between urge in continence and idiopathic destructor instability.

Answer 50

Question 51

Describe the use of oxybutynin for the treatment of destusor instability and urge incontience.

Answer 51

Question 52

Describe the use of propantheline for the treatment of destusor instability and urge incontience.

Answer 52

Question 53

What are some drugs we use that prevent urethral sphincter contractions and aid in the treatment of DUD?

Answer 53

Question 54

What are some drugs we use that target striated muscle involvement and aid in the treatment of DUD?

Answer 54

Question 55

What are some drugs we use that stimulate bladder contraction and aid in the treatment of DUD?

Answer 55

Question 56

What is urethrospasm? How do we treat it?

Answer 56

Question 57

What is destructor atony? How do we treat it?

Answer 57

Question 58

What must you ensure prior the administration of a RAAS blocking drug?

Answer 58

Question 59

84% of dogs with glomerular disease are ____.

Answer 59

Question 60

What is the correlation between PLN nephrotic syndrome and a hyper-coagulable state?

Answer 60

Question 61

What are the different anti-thrombotic treatment options we have in veterinary medicine?

Answer 61

Question 62

How do we control edema in PLN patients?

Answer 62

Question 63

List some of the different infectious causes of PLN.

Answer 63