Clinical pharmacology of Alimentary Flashcards
(24 cards)
What kinds of drugs are used for acid suppression?
Antacids
H2 receptor antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors
What are some different kinds of antiemetic?
Dopamine antagonists (metoclopramide)
Antihistamines (cyclizine)
Serotonin-5HT3 antagonists (Ondansetron)
How do anti-muscarinics work?
Reduce colonic motility by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation of the myenteric and submucosal neural plexuses
Inhibit gastric emptying
What are some drugs used to treat IBD?
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Biologics
Aminosalicylates
How do antacids work?
Contain magnesium or aluminium
Neutralise gastric acid
How do alginates like gaviscon work?
Form a viscous gel that floats on stomach contents and reduces reflux
How does ranitidine work?
H2 receptor antagonist
Block histamine receptor to reduce acid secretion
How does omeprazole work?
Proton pump inhibitor
Blocks proton pumps to reduce acid secretion
How do CCBs affect GI motility?
Decrease it by reducing calcium available for smooth muscle contraction
What are the 4 kinds of laxative?
Bulk (ishphagula)
Osmotic (Lactulose)
Stimulant (Senna)
Softeners (Arachis oil)
How do laxatives work?
Increasing bulk or drawing fluid into gut
What are some adverse side effects of aminosalicylates like like mesalazine?
GI upset
Renal impairment
What are some contraindications for corticosteroids?
Osteoporosis
Why must corticosteroids be withdrawn gradually?
Risk of Addisonian crisis with abrupt withdrawal
How does Infliximab work?
Prevents action of TNFα (key cytokine in inflammatory response)
Biologic
What are some contraindications to infliximab?
Current TB or other serious infections
MS
Pregnancy/breast feeding
What are some adverse effects of infliximab?
Infection like TB so all patients should be screened Anaemia Thrombocytopenia Neutropenia Malignancy
What does cholestyramine do?
Reduces bile salts by binding to them in the gut and then excreting as insoluble complex
How does ursodeoxycholic acid work?
Inhibits enzyme involved in formation of cholesterol, altering amount in bile and slowly dissolving non-calcified stones
Used to treat gallstones and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Are men more or less likely to suffer from drug induced liver injury?
Less
Women are more at risk
What are some risk factors for drug induced liver injury?
Age Female Alcohol Genetic factors Malnourishment
Which classification is used to measure severity of liver disease?
Child-Pugh classification
<7=A
7-9=B
>9=C
Are methotrexate and azathioprine hepatotoxic?
Yes
How do NSAIDs affect ascites?
Can make it worse due to fluid retention
